INIS SUBJECT ANALYSIS: Subject Classification (Categorization)

1. INIS SUBJECT ANALYSIS:Subject Classification (Categorization) INIS Training Seminar 14-16 Novemner 2011 Neviana Rashkova Subject Specialist

2. SUBJECT CLASSIFICATION • PURPOSE • Selection of Literature Relevant to the Database Scope • Defining the subject area(s) • Retrieval Rule: Each piece of literature must be assigned at least one subject category. ETDE/INIS Joint Reference Series No. 2 (Rev. 1) INIS Scope Descriptions http://www.iaea.org/INIS/Products_and_services/Reference_series

3. INIS SUBJECT CATEGORIES S01 Coal, lignite, and peat S02 Petroleum S03 Natural gas S04 Oil shales and tar sands S07 Isotopes and radiation sources S08 Hydrogen S09 Biomass fuels S10 Synthetic fuels S11 Nuclear fuel cycle and fuel materials S12 Management of radioactive wastes, and non-radioactive wastes from nuclear facilities S13 Hydro energy S14 Solar energy S15 Geothermal energy S16 Tidal and wave power S17 Wind energy S20 Fossil-fueled power plants S21 Specific nuclear reactors and associated plants S22 General studies of nuclear reactors S24 Power transmission and distribution S25 Energy storage S29 Energy planning, policy and economy S30 Direct energy conversion S32 Energy conservation, consumption, and utilization S33 Advanced propulsion systems S36 Materials science S37 Inorganic, organic, physical and analytical chemistry S38 Radiation chemistry, radiochemistry and nuclear chemistry S42 Engineering S43 Particle accelerators S46 Instrumentation related to nuclear science and technology S47 Other instrumentation S54 Environmental sciences S58 Geosciences S60 Applied life sciences S61 Radiation protection and dosimetry S62 Radiology and nuclear medicine S63 Radiation, thermal, and other environmental pollutant effects on living organisms and biological materials S70 Plasma physics and fusion technology S71 Classical and quantum mechanics, general physics S72 Physics of elementary particles and fields S73 Nuclear physics and radiation physics S74 Atomic and molecular physics S75 Condensed matter physics, superconductivity and superfluidity S77 Nanoscience and nanotechnology S79 Astrophysics, cosmology and astronomy S96 Knowledge management and preservation S97 Mathematical methods and computing S98 Nuclear disarmament, safeguards and physical protection S99 General and miscellaneous

4. INIS INPUT DOCUMENT 001^DE06F1308 008^S36;S12/01/R/M/U 009^M 100^Barrier, D.C. 110^Forschungszentrum Juelich GmbH (DE). Inst. fuer Sicherheitsforschung und Reaktortechnik; Rheinisch-Westfaelische Technische Hochschule (RWTH), Aachen (DE) 111^Diss. 200^Characterisation and fabrication of zirconia and thoria based ceramics for nuclear applications 300^Juel--4188 320^ISSN 0944-2952 403^Nov 2005 500^165 p. 600^(EN) 009^9 800^FABRICATION; THORIUM OXIDES; CERAMICS; CERIUM OXIDES; ZIRCONIUM OXIDES; BINARY MIXTURES; CRYSTALLIZATION; LATTICE PARAMETERS; THERMAL GRAVIMETRIC ANALYSIS; SPECIFIC HEAT; X-RAY DIFFRACTION; MICROSTRUCTURE; MICROHARDNESS; FRACTURE PROPERTIES 009^X/en 860^The reduction of the long term radiotoxicity of nuclear waste during disposal is the aim of the research called ''Partitioning and Transmutation of Minor actinides (MAs)'', which also requires the development of inert ceramic support materials. Moreover, after separation, if the transmutation is not available, the actinides can be conditioned into stable dedicated solid matrices (Partitioning and Conditioning strategy). Yttrium-stabilized zirconia and thoria are discussed in the international nuclear community as candidates for the fixation of long-lived actinides as target material for transmutation and as stable materials for long-term final disposal. The aims of the following work are twofold: determine the impact of the addition of actinides, simulated by cerium on the properties of the matrices and study the possibility of synthesising homogeneous ceramics using simple fabrication routes. Within this framework, (ZrY)O_2_-_x-CeO_2 and ThO_2-CeO_2 powders with variable ceria contents (from 0 to 100 %) were synthesised by a co-precipitation method of nitrate solution. The influence of ceria concentration on the powder' properties, such as thermal behaviour and the evolution of material crystallisation during annealing, was investigated in detail by thermogravimetry (TG) coupled with differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) and X-ray diffraction (XRD). Both systems crystallise at high temperature in a stable solid solution, fcc, fluorite type structure and follow the Vegard's law for the complete range of ceria. For both systems a critical concentration of 20 mol% has been established. For ceria concentrations lower than 20%, the properties of the system are mainly controlled by the matrix. Pellets with different ceria concentrations were compacted from these powders by using different technological cycles. In order to obtain materials with reliable properties, the technological parameters of each chosen fabrication route, have been optimised. By employing mild wet methods (calcination at 600 C, wet-grinding in acetone and fractionation in acetone), (Zr,Y,Ce)O_2_-_x pellets with densities of up to 0.97 TD can be obtained. In the case of the (Th,Ce)O_2 system, pressing by repressing from non-milled powder was selected as the fabrication route, allowing the fabrication of pellets with densities of up to 0.98 TD. In both cases, materials with homogeneous repartition of pores, well formed grains and boundaries and good mechanical properties were obtained. (orig.)

5. CATEGORIZATION Characterisation and fabrication of zirconia and thoria based ceramics for nuclear applications The reduction of the long term radiotoxicity of nuclear waste during disposal is the aim of the research called ''Partitioning and Transmutationof Minor actinides (MAs)'', which also requires the development of inert ceramic support materials. Moreover, after separation, if the transmutation is not available, the actinides can be conditioned into stable dedicated solid matrices (Partitioning and Conditioning strategy). Yttrium-stabilized zirconia and thoria are discussed in the international nuclear community as candidates for the fixation of long-lived actinides as target material for transmutation and as stable materials for long-term final disposal. The aims of the following work are twofold: determine the impact of the addition of actinides, simulated by cerium on the properties of the matrices and study the possibility of synthesising homogeneous ceramicsusing simple fabrication routes. Within this framework, (ZrY)O_2_-_x-CeO_2 and ThO_2-CeO_2 powders with variable ceria contents (from 0 to 100 %) were synthesised by a co-precipitation method of nitrate solution. The influence of ceria concentration on the powder' properties, such as thermal behaviour and the evolution of material crystallisation during annealing, was investigated in detail by thermogravimetry (TG) coupled with differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) and X-ray diffraction (XRD). Both systems crystallise at high temperature in a stable solid solution, fcc, fluorite type structure and follow the Vegard's law for the complete range of ceria. For both systems a critical concentration of 20 mol% has been established. For ceria concentrations lower than 20%, the properties of the system are mainly controlled by the matrix. Pellets with different ceria concentrations were compacted from these powders by using different technological cycles. In order to obtain materials with reliable properties, the technological parameters of each chosen fabrication route, have been optimised. By employing mild wet methods (calcination at 600 C, wet-grinding in acetone and fractionation in acetone), (Zr,Y,Ce)O_2_-_x pellets with densities of up to 0.97 TD can be obtained. In the case of the (Th,Ce)O_2 system, pressing by repressing from non-milled powder was selected as the fabrication route, allowing the fabrication of pellets with densities of up to 0.98 TD. In both cases, materials with homogeneous repartition of pores, well formed grains and boundaries and good mechanical properties were obtained. (orig

6. ASSIGNING SUBJECT CATEGORIES Key words: fabrication, ceramics, nuclear waste, materials… S32 Energy conservation, consumption, and utilization S33 Advanced propulsion systems S36 Materials science S37 Inorganic, organic, physical and analytical chemistry S38 Radiation chemistry, radiochemistry and nuclear chemistry S42 Engineering S43 Particle accelerators S46 Instrumentation related …………………… ………………… S10 Synthetic fuels S11 Nuclear fuel cycle and fuel materials S12 Management of radioactive wastes, and non-radioactive wastes from nuclear facilities S13 Hydro energy S14 Solar energy

7. ASSIGNING SUBJECT CATEGORIES • ETDE/INIS Joint Reference Series No. 2 (Rev. 1) INIS Scope Descriptions

8. ASSIGNING SUBJECT CATEGORIES • INIS Scope Descriptions

9. ASSIGNING SUBJECT CATEGORIES • INIS Scope Descriptions

10. ASSIGNING SUBJECT CATEGORIES • In WinFibre: • S36 Materials Science – primary category • S12 Management of radioactive wastes, and non-radioactive wastes from nuclear facilities – secondary category

11. ASSIGNING SUBJECT CATEGORIES • In CAI

12. INCORRECT CATEGORIZATION Example 008^S72/01/J/AS – incorrect!!! 009^A 100^Torres, D. A. 109^SC USDOE - Office of Science (United States) 110^ 200^Deformations and magnetic rotations in the 60Ni nucleus 330^KB0401021; ERKBP06; AC05-00OR22725 500^p. 054318-054341 600^(English) 610^doi 10.1103/PhysRevC.78.054318 009^S 229^Physical Review. C, Nuclear Physics 320^ISSN 0556-2813 403^(1 Nov 2008) 500^v. 78(5) 009^9 800^ANGULAR CORRELATION; RADIATION DETECTION; ENERGY LEVELS; EVAPORATION; EXCITED STATES; NEUTRON DETECTORS; PROTONS; ROTATIONAL STATES 009^X/EN 860^Data from three experiments using the heavy-ion fusion evaporation-reaction 36Ar+28Si have been combined to study high-spin states in the residual nucleus 60Ni, which is populated via the evaporation of four protons from the compound nucleus 64Ge. The GAMMASPHERE array was used for all the experiments in conjunction with a 4 chargedparticle detector arrays (MICROBALL, LUWUSIA) and neutron detectors (NEUTRON SHELL) to allow for the detection of rays in coincidence with the evaporated particles. An extended 60Ni level scheme is presented, comprising more than 270-ray transitions and 110 excited states. Their spins and parities have been assigned via directional correlations of rays emitted from oriented states. Spherical shell-model calculations in the fp-shell characterize some of the low-spin states, while the experimental results of the rotational bands are analyzed with configuration-dependent cranked Nilsson-Strutinsky calculations.

13. INCORRECT CATEGORIZATION • How to check? Subject Scope: nuclei - properties, nuclear models – S73, not S72

14. COMMON ERRORS IN CATEGORIZATION • S70: Plasma physics and fusion technology Incorrectly use for all documents about plasma, lasers, fusion • S70 instead of S46; S71 Do not use for all document about LASERS • S70 instead of S73 Do not use for documents about nuclear reactions, if not for fusion • S70 instead of S36 Do not use for documents about plasma for surface modification (ion implantation, lithography…) – use S36 or S72 • S70 instead of S79, S71, S58, S74 Do not use for space plasma – use appropriate (S79, S71, S74)

15. COMMON ERRORS IN CATEGORIZATION • S74: Atomic and molecular physics • S74 instead of S73 Do not use for every document containing word “atom” or “atomic”– in many cases it is nuclear physics • S74 instead of S37 Do not use for chemistry – the word “molecule” could be misleading • S43: Particle accelerators • S43 instead of S62 – for radiotherapy at accelerator facility • S43 instead of S36 – for materials • S43 instead of S72 – for elementary particles • S43 instead of S71 – for production of electron, ion, atomic and molecular beams other than in accelerators

16. COMMON ERRORS IN CATEGORIZATION • S72: Physics of elementary particles and fields Incorrectly used when in a document some elementary particle is mentioned • S72 instead of S73 Do not use for every document discussing elementary particles (in many cases this is wrong); Ex. Interacting Bosons Model (IBM) – nuclear models; nucleons in nuclear structure; nuclear potentials. Do not use for nuclear reactions and spectroscopy • S72 instead of S71 Do not use for classical relativity theory • S72 instead of S75 Do not use for models in condensed matter physics; Ex. Phonones

17. COMMON ERRORS IN CATEGORIZATION • S54: Environmental Sciences • S54 instead of S37 Do not use for chemical analyses as a method for radioactivity transport • S12: Management of radioactive wastes… should be used for the management of all types of radioactive wastes and for non-radioactive wastes generated by nuclear facilities only • Other particular categorization aspects Superconductors Collisions Lasers

18. Thank you!