Grammar Chapter 1

1. Grammar Chapter 1 Parts of Speech

2. The Noun • Definition: a noun is a person, place, thing or idea • Common Nouns: names a generic person, place, thing or idea • Proper Nouns: names a specific person, place, thing or idea; must be capitalized

3. Concrete Noun: a noun one can physically see, touch, hear, etc. • Abstract Noun: a noun that cannot be physically touched, seen, heard, etc.

4. Collective Noun: names a group as a single unit • Compound Noun: two words combined to make one idea

5. Bellwork- DAY ONE: Identify the nouns and label them as common, proper, concrete, abstract and collective or compound

6. The Pronoun • definition: takes the place of a noun, nouns, or pronoun • personal: I, you, he, she, it, we, you, they; me, my, your, yours, him, his, her, its, them, theirs, their • reflexive: myself, yourself, him/herself, itself, ourselves, yourselves, themselves • demonstrative – this, that, these, those • interrogative – what, which, who, whom, whose • relative – that, which, who, whom, whose • indefinite – all, anyone, everybody, etc.

7. The Adjective • Definition: modifies a noun or pronoun • answers: what kind, how much, which one, how many • Common nouns v. Adjectives • cheese v. cheese sandwich • weather v. weather report • Proper Nouns v. Proper Adjectives • Picasso v. Picasso painting • California v. California coast • Articles • definite – the; indefinite – a, an

8. The Verb • Definition: an action or state of being word • Verb Phrases: consist of helping verb(s) and main verb(s) • Helping verbs work with the main verb to clarify the meaning of the sentence or verb • Example: He does seem to be confused about nouns. • Example: He doesseemto be confused about nouns.

9. Action and Linking Verbs • Action: expresses physical or mental action • Example: physical – to run; mental – to think; to be • Linking: connects the subject to the word(s) that describe the subject • Example: The wet dog smelled horrible. • Example: The wet dog smelled horrible.

10. Transitive and Intransitive Verbs • Transitive: expresses action directed toward a noun; the action passes from the doer to the receiver • Example: Juan mailed the package. • Example: Juanmailed the package. • Intransitive: expresses action without passing from doer to receiver • Example: After playing all day, the children ate ravenously. • Example: After playing all day, the childrenate ravenously. doer receiver doer

11. The Adverb • definition: modifies a verb, adverb, or adjective • answers: how, when, where, to what extent • modify verb: Marian performed beautifully. • modify verb: Marian performed beautifully. • modify adverb: Cheetahs can run extremely fast. • modify adverb: Cheetahs can run extremelyfast. • modify adjective: The players are exceptionally skillful. • modify adjective: The players are exceptionallyskillful.

12. The Preposition • definition: shows the relationship of a noun or pronoun to another word • the box – in, on, around, under, inside, in front of, behind, toward, etc. • most common and commonly missed – OF

13. The Conjunction and the Interjection • The Conjunction • definition: joins words or word groups • coordinating conjunctions – FANBOYS • correlative conjunctions – both…and, either…or, neither…nor, not only…but also, whether…or • The Interjection • definition: expresses emotion and has no grammatical relation to the sentence • aha, wow, hey, ouch, well, etc.