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TOKUGAWA JAPAN

TOKUGAWA JAPAN. 1400-1800. SETTING THE STAGE. 1300s – SHOGUNS (military leaders) struggled to keep weak Japan unified 1467 – civil war chaos & war result in shogun losing control territorial lords gaining power over small domains of land – LACK OF UNITY  feudalism

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TOKUGAWA JAPAN

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  1. TOKUGAWA JAPAN 1400-1800

  2. SETTING THE STAGE • 1300s – SHOGUNS (military leaders) struggled to keep weak Japan unified • 1467 – civil war chaos & war result in shogun losing control • territorial lords gaining power over small domains of land – LACK OF UNITY  feudalism • Powerless emperors being controlled by shoguns

  3. SENGOKU PERIOD • 1467-1568 – Sengoku : “Warring States” • SAMURAIS seized control of estates & offer peasants protection for loyalty • strongest samurais became DAIMYO (warrior-chieftains) who want more land & more control

  4. DAIMYO VIPs • ODA NOBUNAGA – seizes Kyoto (capital) in 1568 & Pushes out all rivals with force – 1575 uses firearms for 1sttime in Japan • TOYOTOMI HIDEYOSHI – gains control of country by 1590 & invades Korea in 1592

  5. TOKUGAWA IEYASU • A daimyo - unifies Japan in 1600 & gains loyalty of all daimyo • Becomes shogun – sole ruler

  6. TOKUGAWA’S ACHIEVEMENTS • moves capital to Edo (became Tokyo) • makes daimyo come to capital every other year to keep them obedient & close to his watchful eye • legal policies reformed • strong central government becomes more important than military actions (rule of law over rule of sword) • founder of Tokugawa Shogunate (1600-1867)

  7. WHAT DID THIS DO FOR JAPAN? • Stability, prosperity, & isolation • Food production increases  population increases • Merchant class becomes wealthy & powerful, but peasants remain poor & overworked  eventually move to cities

  8. CITY LIFE • Mid-1700s Japan shifts from rural to urban society – Edo was world’s largest city • Employment opportunities increase for women in cities (peasants still restricted) • Traditional culture thrived • KABUKI theater gains popularity: dramas w/elaborate costumes • HAIKU– poetry that expresses images

  9. EUROPEANS ARRIVE IN 1500’s • Japanese eager to trade w/ Portuguese: clocks, eyeglasses, tobacco, & firearms (for muskets & cannons) • Missionaries want to convert people BUT Tokugawa believed they looked down on Japanese culture/ religion (Shinto & Buddhism) • Eventually missionaries are banned & Christians are persecuted • Closed all ports except Nagasaki  “CLOSED COUNTRY POLICY”

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