1. Which of the following was a reason for the decline of the Ottoman Empire?

1. 1. Which of the following was a reason for the decline of the Ottoman Empire? • Asian countries dominated its borders • Food shortages • Weak and corrupt leaders • The construction of the Aswan High Dam

2. 2. One cause of the Crimean War was • Russia wanting a new trade partner • Russia wanting war with France • Expanded cash crops in the region • Russia wanting a warm water port

3. 3. Who was the great reformer of Egypt? • Muhammad Ali • Suleyman the Magnificent • Osman II • Isma’il

4. 4. Which type of Imperialism was used in Muslim lands? • colony • indirect control • economic imperialism • direct control

5. 5. Foreign officials are brought in to rule new territory • Direct Control • Indirect Control • Sphere of Influence • Economic Imperialism

6. Private companies are brought in to control economic resources • Direct Control • Indirect Control • Sphere of Influence • Economic Imperialism

7. Outside governments control trade and economic resources • Direct Control • Indirect Control • Sphere of Influence • Economic Imperialism

8. Local leaders trained to run territory • Direct Control • Indirect Control • Sphere of Influence • Economic Imperialism

9. TOPIC: Imperialism in China – Spheres of Influence

10. Imperialism in China

11. Imperialism in China – Spheres of Influence • China vs. The West • China was self-sufficient – no need for trade • The trade balance between China and Britain favored China • China earned much more for its exports than it spent on imports • Guangzhou • Only Chinese port open to foreign trade • British have high demand for tea • Trade silver for tea • Silver supply drained • British have nothing to trade that China wants • Trade imbalance • Europeans were able to shift the balance – they needed a product that the Chinese would have a continuing high demand for • Sale of Opium – addictive drug from poppy plant

12. Opium • Highly addictive narcotic from poppy plant • 1835 – 12 million Chinese addicted • British East India Co. has a monopoly on production in India • Opium trade illegal in China • Sell shipments to smugglers on the Chinese coast • Smugglers avoid punishment by paying kickbacks to corrupt officials in China • Opium War (1839) • Chinese Qing Emperor demands that Queen Victoria stop opium trade • Naval War, British more tech, easily win • Treaty of Nanjing • Ends war, China humiliated • British get extraterritorial rights in Hong Kong • US /Other foreign nations eventually get exclusive trading rights in four port cities • Opium trade continues • Begins Spheres of Influence

14. Foreign Influence Grows • Growing Spheres of Influence (area in which the foreign nation controlled trade and investment) • Other countries, aware of China’s problems, take advantage – GB, French, German, Japanese, Russian • The US: worried other nations would divide China into formal colonies and shut out American traders! • Open Door Policy: China’s “doors” be open to merchants of all nations. Euro powers agreed. Protected both US trading rights in China and China’s freedom from colonization. • A Surge in Chinese Nationalism • Boxer Rebellion • Boxers: nationalist group, “Society of Righteous and Harmonious Fists” • Poor peasants and workers who resented foreign privilege • Defeated BUT… people were inspired to become more “nationalistic” and realized Chinese government needed to be more responsive to their needs. • Beginnings of Reform • China tried to become more western – Constitutional Government • Further added to internal problems

15. Imperial Japan 12.2

16. Prior to 1800’s • Isolation – Similar to China • Very old culture • Tokugawa shogun - ruler • Agriculture based system • West tried to convince to trade with them • Japan refused • Little knowledge of industry

17. 1853 Tokyo Harbor • U.S. Commodore Matthew Perry • Four massive ships in the harbor • Astound shogun • Allowed Perry in • Letter U.S. President Fillmore requesting free trade • Delivered intimidation • Asked for Japan to reply

18. 1854 Japanese Respond to Perry • Treaty of Kanagawa • Two Ports granted for U.S. – Japanese trade • What Chinese city also allowed trade? • By 1860 • Many foreign nation allowed to trade • Given extraterritorial rights • Japanese upset w/ foreign influence

19. 1867 Meiji • Old shogun is gone • New emperor • Way to beat western influence is to copy • Borrowed • Germany’s ideas on gov • German and British methods for military training • American schooling • 1894 • foreign nations accept end of extraterritorial right • Early 1900’s • as modern as any in the world

20. Japan Builds an Empire • 1894 Sino-Japanese War • Japan v. China • Japan wins • Japan gains colonies in Peace Treaty • Taiwan • Pescadores Island • Russo-Japanese War • 1904 Japan attack Russia • drive out of Korea • 1905 Attacks Korea • By 1910 Korea annexed = under total Japanese control • Very disrespectful to Korean culture • Harsh rulers

21. The cause of the Russo-Japanese War was • China’s role in Manchuria • A disagreement over trade • A dispute over Hong Kong • A dispute over Korea

22. The treaty of Kanagawa • Gave the U.S. control of China • Ended the Russo-Japanese War. • Allowed the U.S. to trade with Japan • Ended the Sino-Japanese war.

23. The Sino-Japanese war revealed • Weakness in Japan • Japan was a rising regional power • China had become modern • Korea’s self strength