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EARTH'S DYNAMICS

Explore the Earth's crust layers, plate tectonics theory by Alfred Wegener, forces beneath the crust, plate boundaries, and the concept of continental drift. Understand erosion processes like rock weathering, water erosion, wind transportation, and glacier movements. Gain insights into the geological forces that shape our planet.

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EARTH'S DYNAMICS

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  1. EARTH'SDYNAMICS

  2. The Earth’s Crust • Four layers of the Earth: • Core: the solid inner core of the Earth • Outer core: liquid core rich in iron • Mantle: partly solid partly molten magma • Crust: thin, rigid crust of land

  3. The Earth’s Crust

  4. Plate Tectonics • The Earth’s crust is divided into rigid, slow moving plates • The plates are floating on the Earth’s mantle • Plates move with the current of magma • The movement of these plates build mountains and valleys

  5. The Theory of Plate Tectonics • The “theory of plate tectonics” was developed by a German Scientist named Alfred Wegener • He was a polar researcher, geophysicist and meteorologist. • His hypothesis was controversial and not widely accepted until the 1950s

  6. World Plates

  7. Forces Beneath the Crust • The Current of the magma moves the Earth’s Crust • Volcano: opening in the crust of the Earth where lava flows • Movement of magma can break or bend the crust • Fold: layers of rock are folded • Fault: layers of rock break (cause of earthquakes)

  8. PLATE BOUNDRY ZONES

  9. Plate Boundaries / Zones • Three types of plate boundaries: • Divergent: plates moving away from each other • Convergent: plates moving towards each other • Conservative (transform): plates sliding past each other

  10. Divergent • Mid Atlantic Ridge is an example of divergent forces or sea-floor spreading

  11. Convergent • Subduction Zone: a tectonic plate collides with another plate forcing the lighter plate into the mantle

  12. Conservative (Transform) Faults slip past each other causing earthquakes

  13. CONTINENTAL DRIFT

  14. Continental Drift • 200 million years ago, the continents were locked together in a single land mass called Pangea • Pangea broke into two supercontinents named Laurasia and Gondwanaland

  15. EROSION

  16. Erosion • Erosion is the wearing away of land • Rock weathering: the process that breaks up rock (sediment is small particles of rock) • Water: most powerful force of erosion (V-canyons and U-canyons)

  17. Erosion Continued.. • Wind: transports light sediment • Glaciers: • sheet glaciers: ice sheets that cover large areas pressing outwards • Mountain glaciers: small ice sheets covering mountains flowing downhill

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