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ROCK CYCLE

LITHOSPHERE. ROCK CYCLE. The age of Planet Earth. Earth is about 4,6 billion years old ! In the beginning Earth consisted of molten metal and rocks . Heavy metals sunk deeper and lighter metals floated at the top.

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ROCK CYCLE

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  1. LITHOSPHERE ROCK CYCLE

  2. Theage of PlanetEarth ... • Earth is about4,6 billionyearsold! • In the beginning Earthconsisted of moltenmetal and rocks. • Heavymetalssunkdeeper and lightermetalsfloatedatthe top.

  3. Earth is ahugeball and consists of fourconcentriclayers Crust Mantle Outercore Inner core

  4. Thecrust is athinlayer - almostlikethepeel of anapple.

  5. OCEANIC CRUST CONTINENTAL CRUST MANTLE

  6. THE CRUST • Thecrust of theearthlookssolid, butmovesconstantlyonthemoltenmantle. • Thecrust is dividedintohugeplates, thetectonicplates. • Thecrusts of thecontinentsconsistofgranite and quartz, whiletheoceaniccrustconsists of basalt. • Theoutermostlayer of themantle and thecrustformthelithosphere.

  7. Basalt is solidifiedlava

  8. Granitequarry

  9. Quartz

  10. Tectonicplates https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=1-HwPR_4mP4&feature=player_detailpage

  11. Therockcycle

  12. Threemaintypes of rock • Igneousrock • Sedimentaryrock • Metamorphicrock

  13. Igneousrock • FromGreek word meaning„fire”. • Moltenrock is called magma. • Whenmagma coolsdown and solidifies, igneousrockis formed. • Graniteformswhen magma coolsslowly and form big crystals. • Basalt and pumiceformwhen magma coolsfaster and formsmallcrystals. • Pumice also hasmanyholes – spacesfilledwith air/ bubbleswhenstill hot.

  14. WE ALL KNOW PUMICE STONE

  15. SEDIMENTARY ROCK – it is difficulttobelievethatthe Karoo was onceaninlandsea, untilyou see the koppies and layers of sedimantaryrock

  16. Different types of sediment form different types of sedimentaryrock

  17. Sedimentaryrock • Sedimentaryrockformswhenrockfragments and mineralparticlessettleatthebottom of thesea, alakeorariver. • Overtimethelayers of sand, silt and claybecomecementedtogetherunderhighpressure. • Sandstone, shale and limestone are examples of sedimentaryrock.

  18. Weatheredsandstone

  19. Metamorphicrock • Metamorphicrockformswhenigneousorsedimentaryrock are heatedor put underhighpressurefor a long time. • Marble and slate are metamorphicrocktypesthatcamefromsedimentaryrock put underheat and pressure.

  20. Slaterock Slateroofing

  21. Marble • Marble formswhenlimestone, asedimentaryrock, undergoesheat and pressure. • Themainmineral in marble (and limestone) is calciumcarbonate (CaCO3), givingitawhitecolour. • Thecolours of marble are duetootherminerals e.g. red marblecontainsironoxide.

  22. White marblequarry in Tuscany Statue of Herakles

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