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Harnessing Solar Energy: Powering the Future

Explore the incredible potential of solar energy, understand the structure of the Sun, its lifecycle, and energy generation process. Discover the different methods of solar energy harvesting and how it can be utilized for heating, cooling, and electricity generation.

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Harnessing Solar Energy: Powering the Future

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  1. Solar Energy

  2. The Sun • 99.98 % of enegy from the sun • 1/3 of the tide and flood caused by the sun’s gravitation • Distance: 150 million kilometers

  3. The Sun • 99,9 % of the mass of the solar system(1,989 x 1030 kg) • Temperature at the centre: 14,8 million K • Surface temperature: 5.800 K • 73,5 % Hidrogen, 25 % Helium • Gravity 27 times higher than on earth • Ca. 4,5 billion years old

  4. Energy generation in the Sun • Mainly proton-proton reaction • 564 mio t of hidrogen are burned to 560 mio t of Helium • Output power:3,7 x 1026 W • E=mc2

  5. Structure of the Sun • Structure • Core • Radiation zone • Convection zone • Photosphere • Chromosphere • Corona

  6. Lifecycle • 4,6 billions years ago: gravitational collaps • Today: main sequence evolution (halfway in ca. 10 billion years of H to He fusion) • In 0,9 billion years: earth temperature > 30°C • In 1,9 million years:earth temperature > 100°C • in 7 billion years: red giant, venus and mercury destroyed, earth surface molten • He to C fusion starts (ca 130 million years) • White dwarf (only 50 % of its original mass)

  7. Solar spectrum • Solar constant (AM 0): 1354 W/m2 • AM 1: 1040 W/m2 • AM 1,5: 970 W/m2

  8. Solar energy harvesting • Photovoltaic or Photothermal

  9. Solar thermal energy harvesting Solar thermal energy harnessing • Passive: • Ventilation • Thermal mass • Active: • Heating • Cooling • electricity

  10. Passive usage of Solar Energy: Ventilation • Solar chimney • Down Draft cool • tower

  11. Passive usage of Solar Energy: heat mass • Simply heat mass for storing energy • Trombe wall

  12. Active usage of solar energy: cooling

  13. Active usage of solar energy:heating • Solar collectors: • Themosyphon • Low Flow System • High Flow System

  14. Active usage of solar energy:heating Solar thermal collectors • Non concentrated: • Flat plate • Evacuated tubes • Concentrator type: • parabolic trough • parabolic dishes • heliostats • evacuated tubes

  15. Non concentrated solar thermal collectors Evacuated tube collectors: Lower heat losses in cold periods, For water heating and auxilliary heating Flat plate collectors: simple, hot water generation and auxilliary heating, heat losses in cold perois

  16. Concentrator type solar thermal collectors • High temperatures possible • Using coolants for heat • transfer (mostly some oil)

  17. Active usage of solar energy:electricity • Always use concentrators (except photovoltaics) • Concentrated solar energy is used to produce steam • Normal steamturbine-generator power plants • Stirling motors

  18. Solar power towers • Solar One in the USA • PS 10 Spain:using molten sodium

  19. Solar power plants • SEGS: 354 MW(USA) • Andasol 1: 20 MW (Spain)

  20. Other types of solar power plants

  21. Process heat

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