1 / 29

Effective Oral Presentations

Effective Oral Presentations . Terry A. Ring Chemical Engineering. Ethos, Pathos, and Logos. Ethos— credibility Pathos— emotional appeal Logos— logical appeal (reasoning & evidence). Technical Presentations. Much more Logos (logic) than Pathos (emotion)

Download Presentation

Effective Oral Presentations

An Image/Link below is provided (as is) to download presentation Download Policy: Content on the Website is provided to you AS IS for your information and personal use and may not be sold / licensed / shared on other websites without getting consent from its author. Content is provided to you AS IS for your information and personal use only. Download presentation by click this link. While downloading, if for some reason you are not able to download a presentation, the publisher may have deleted the file from their server. During download, if you can't get a presentation, the file might be deleted by the publisher.

E N D

Presentation Transcript


  1. Effective Oral Presentations Terry A. Ring Chemical Engineering

  2. Ethos, Pathos, and Logos • Ethos—credibility • Pathos—emotional appeal • Logos—logical appeal (reasoning & evidence)

  3. Technical Presentations • Much more Logos (logic) than Pathos (emotion) • Strive for Ethos (credibility)

  4. Course Learning Objective • To produce a professional-quality oral presentation that presents, analyzes, and interprets experimental results logically and which are well organized and delivered.

  5. Planning the Technical Presentation • Identify the purpose and the presentational objectives • Define the audience • Select a format and outline the presentation • Organize data and information • Draft the presentational script • Design and integrate effective visuals • Practice the presentation

  6. Phase 1: Purpose and Objectives • Purpose– to inform, to teach/train, to persuade, or to sell • Objectives should be • Clear and briefly stated • Concrete • Action oriented (when appropriate) • Audience-focused

  7. Phase 2: Audience Analysis • Listeners will differ according to: • Informational needs • Intended uses of data (of data, information, recommendations) • Knowledge of the topic • Range of experience in the topic field • Preconceptions of the speaker and presentation • Demographics • Size

  8. Phase 2: Audience Analysis Cont. • Modify the topic, content, organization, format, and delivery • Anticipate and prepare for potential obstacles • Adjust, adapt, or alter the message during the presentation (This is hard to do!) • Design and include the most appropriate visual aids

  9. Phase 3: Organization • Opening/Introduction • Attention-getting component (less important than Identification) • Establish interest • Identification component • Establish the topic significance, necessary background, and main argument • Forecasting component • Preview the order of topics

  10. Phase 3: Organization Cont. • Middle/Body • Determine and limit the main points • Distinguish between main points and supporting evidence • Logically order the main points • Decide on the kind and amount of evidence needed • Keep depth and breadth symmetrical • Maintain unity and coherence of ideas

  11. Phase 3: Organization Cont. • Examples of organizational strategies: • Chronological or sequential • Comparison or contrast • Cause-to-effect • Effect-to-cause • Familiar to unfamiliar • Geographical location • Importance • Problem - cause of problem - Solution

  12. Phase 3: Organization Cont. • Conclusion • Reiterate the presentation objective • Review the main ideas • Remind audience of the “so what?” behind your research

  13. Phase 4: Visual Aids • Advantages of visual aids: • Increase the message impact • Increase listener retention • Save time • Attract listeners’ attention • Add credibility • Strengthen organization, effectiveness, and efficiency • Assist the speaker

  14. Phase 4: Visual Aids Cont. • Prepare appropriately • Prepare with specific audience in mind • Label drawings, figures, tables • Label important features of drawings • Show dimensions, measurements of drawings, figures • Use units consistently • Cite all outside contributions • gives speaker credibility

  15. Phase 4: Visual Aids— A Special Note on Power Point • Present one major idea per slide • Use phrases rather than full sentences • Limit words to no more than 8 per line • Limit lines on the slide to no more than 8 • Use parallel sentence structure

  16. Phase 4: Visual Aids— A Special Note on Power Point • Design consistent slides • Use the same colors, fonts, upper- and lowercase letters, and styling (boldface, underlining, italics) throughout each aid

  17. Phase 4: Visual Aids— A Special Note on Power Point • Utilize appropriate type • Sans serif typeface for titles and major headings, or when only a few lines of text appear • 36-point type for major headings, 24-point type for subheadings, and 18-point type for the body of text • Use upper-and lower case type rather than all capitals

  18. Serif Sans Serif Phase 4: Visual Aids— A Special Note on Power Point • small flourishes or strokes at the tops • and bottoms of all letters • Times New Roman • Courier New • Garamond • Book Antiqua • more block-like and linear; they are designed without these tiny strokes • Arial Narrow • Haettenschweiler • Verdana • Century Gothic

  19. Phase 4: Visual Aids— A Special Note on Power Point • Use color wisely • Apply color consistently across each aid • Use warm colors to highlight • Use blues, greens, and neutral colors backgrounds • Use contrasting colors for typeface and graphics • Keep the number of colors you use to a minimum • Stay within the same family of hues

  20. Phase 4: Visual Aid Problems • Figure not labeled • Important features of figure not labeled • Dimensions of figure not given • Citation lacking

  21. Phase 4: Visual Aids— A Special Note on Power Point Figure 1: Lathe • Figure labeled • Important features labeled • Citation presented • Dimensions lacking www.bhi.co.uk/ hints/lathadj.htm

  22. Phase 4: Visual Aids Cont. • Use effectively • Reveal when appropriate • Refer attention when appropriate • Maintain audience focus

  23. Phase 5: Rehearsal and Delivery • Rehearse to maximize effective delivery • Practice aloud with notes • Practice in a room similar to presentation venue • Practice with equipment to be used • Practice in front of an audience and/or record the rehearsal

  24. Vocal Delivery Rate and pause Pronunciation Enunciation Conversational tone Physical Delivery Gestures and movement Facial expressions Posture Appearance Phase 5: Rehearsal and Delivery Cont.

  25. Phase 6: Question and Answer Sessions • Anticipate questions your audience may ask • Bring additional materials to share with audience if necessary • Do not interrupt audience members • Keep your answers brief (if possible) • Thank your audience for their time and attention

  26. A Summary of Technical Presentations • Technical presentations must be planned and prepared • Technical presentations must be organized with the audience in mind • Technical presentations should include well-prepared visuals • Technical presentations must be delivered effectively

  27. References • Alley, M. (2003). The craft of scientific presentations: Critical steps to succeed and critical errors to avoid. New York: Springer. • Hager, P. J. & Scheiber, H. J. (1997). Designing and delivering scientific, technical, and managerial presentations. New York: John Wiley & Sons, Inc. • Kenny, P. (1982). A handbook of public speaking for scientists and engineers. Philadelphia: Institute of Physics Publishing. • O’Hair, D., Steward, R., & Rubenstein, H. (2004). A speaker’s guidebook: Text and reference, 2nd ed. Boston, MA: Bedford/St. Martin’s. • www.bhi.co.uk/ hints/lathadj.htm

  28. Scoring Rubric

  29. For More Information Stacey Overholt, Communication Consultant– Center for Engineering Leadership Email: stacey.overholt@utah.edu Office Hours: by appointment. Terry A. Ring, Email: ring@chemeng.Utah.edu Office: MEB 2290

More Related