Understanding DNA: Cell Cycle and Mitosis Lesson

1. Do Now: DO You Remember?... • Describe the shape of DNA. • What enzyme unwinds and unzips DNA to make RNA? • Explain how you think a cut heals.

2. Guide to Taking Notes • Be sure to write down the essential questions. • Focus on what is in red. Anything in red is Must to copy in your journal. • Green is optional • Blue is mostly for refocusing or titled. • Try to use the same formatting as shown.

3. Unit 2: Genetics and Biotechnology Unit Essential Question: What is DNA and how does it carry the coded instructions that allow cells to function properly?

4. Chunk #2: Generation to Generation Concepts: 1.) Cell Cycle 2.) Mitosis 3.) Meiosis

5. Work for the Week:3/31  4/4 Formative: • Do Now(s) – 15pts. • Exit Tickets – vary. • Onion Root Computer Lab – 30pts. • Mitosis w/Yarn Lab – 50pts. • Mr. Potato Head Lab – 50pts. Summative: • Mitosis Quiz – 20pts. • Meiosis Quiz – 20pts.

6. Lesson #1: Cell Cycle: Transmission of Genetic Information LEQ: What is the process of cellular growth?

7. Big Idea: Cells Reproduce. • All cells must go through some phase of reproduction in order to grow. • Most cells go through a life cycle. • Two main phases: • Interphase • Expansion • Mitosis • Division

8. Big Idea: A cell must expand before it divides. • Interphase: • 3 sub – phases: • G1 (First Growth) Cell grows rapidly. Biggest part of interphase. • S  (Synthesis) DNA Replication occurs. Chromosomes become chromatids. • G2  (Second Growth) Prepare for division.

9. Match It – Up!! • For each phase that is described… • 1. Lay out the Title • 2. Place the picture underneath

10. Big Idea: There is order in the division. _______________________________. • Mitosis: Nucelar Division • 4 sub – phases: • Prophase Nuclear envelope dissolves. Chromatids condense and pair up and Spindle Fibers Form

11. Draw It – Up!! • For the phase you just matched… • Draw it in your journal/notebook

12. Big Idea: There is order in the division. ____________________________ • Mitosis: NucelarDivision • 4 sub – phases: • Metaphase  Chromatids line up along the metaphesial plate (middle line)

13. Draw It – Up!! • For the phase you just matched… • Draw it in your journal/notebook

14. Big Idea: There is order in the division. ____________________________ • Mitosis: Nucelar Division • 4 sub – phases: • Anaphase  Spindle fibers pull apart the chromatids at the centromere and the chromosomes move to opposite poles of the cell.

15. Draw It – Up!! • For the phase you just matched… • Draw it in your journal/notebook

16. Big Idea: There is order in the division. ____________________________ • Mitosis: Nucelar Division • 4 sub – phases: • Telophase Nuclear envelope appears at the pole and chromosomes uncondensed.

17. Big Idea: There is order in the division. One to Two!! • Cytokinesis: • Cytoplasm splits • Cell Membrane is pinched in half to enclose each cell. • Cleavage Furrow

18. Let’s Find Out… • What phase of the cell cycle does a cell spend most of its time? • Grab a laptop and pair up • Go to the following website: • http://www.biology.arizona.edu/DEFAULT.html

19. Exit Ticket • This is worth 10pts. • Place in bin when done • Be sure your name and class period are noted on the ticket. See You Next Time!!

21. Do Now: What can you Infer?... • Take 7min. to use your notes and answer the Do Now.

22. In a NutShell…

23. Mitosis Worksheet

24. Big Idea: Cells have a series of “Red Light Green Light” Switches that regulate feedback information. • Checkpoints: • G1 Cell growth Checkpoint • Determines if the cell should divide • AKA: The Resting Period • Some Muscle & Most Nerve Cells are in this. • G2  DNA synthesis Checkpoint • DNA Replication gets checked by certain enzymes • M  Mitosis Checkpoint • Gets triggered at the end of Mitosis • Prompts cell into G1

25. Big Idea: Sometimes a Cell can lose control. • Cancer: • Uncontrolled Cell Growth • Disorder of Cell Division

27. Lesson #1b: Cell Cycle: Transmission of Genetic Information LEQ: What does the process of cellular growth involve?

28. Mitosis Lab: Karyotype

29. Big Idea: DNA is tightly winded (coiled) in the nucleus. • DNA is very, very, very loooooong!! • Chromosomes: • Made up of DNA and protein. • Condensed packages of DNA. • Vary in size • Contain all genetic information of an organism

30. Big Idea: When chromosomes pair up an “X” formation is shown. • This ensures that the genetic information remains intact.

31. Big Idea: Chromosomes are only seen during division • Makes it easy for a cell to divide • During prophase, just before metaphase is when you can clearly see the chromosomes. • Scientists suspend cells in this phase in order to “read” the overall genetic viability of a person: Karyotyping

32. Karyotyping!! • Organizing Chromosomes to determine one’s genetic composition.

34. Mitosis Lab: Karyotype

36. PUT ALL ELECTRONICS AWAY

37. Lesson #2: Cell Cycle: Transmission of Genetic Information LEQ: What processes allow genetic information to differ?

38. Big Idea: There are two types of cells. • Not all cells divide at the same rate. • Somatic: Body Cells • Majority • Consist of: • Diploid Twice the Chromosome Number, 2n • Undergo Mitosis • Gametes: Sex Cells • Found only in sex organs • Include: • Ovaries (Eggs/Ova) • Testes (Sperm) • Haploid Chromosome Number, n • Undergo Meiosis

39. PUT ALL ELECTRONICS AWAY

40. Big Idea: “Body” Cells have twice the amount of chromosomes than “Sex” Cells. • More Body not enough Sex…Cells that is • This is called the Diploid Number • This number varies for organisms but are consistent for their species. 102 46 48 1260

41. Haploid/Diploid Worksheet

43. Lesson #2: Cell Cycle: Transmission of Genetic Information LEQ: What processes allow genetic information to differ?

44. Big Idea: “Sex” Cells undergo division twice. • They end up with half of the Diploid Number • This is called the Haploid Number • Only seen in sexual reproductive organisms.

45. Big Idea: “Sex” Cells undergo division twice. • They end up with half of the Diploid Number • Meiosis: Specialized Nuclear Division • The process of creating gametes (sex cells) • Spores • Sperm • Ova • Involves 2 divisions: • Meiosis I • Meiosis II

46. Big Idea: “Sex” Cells undergo division twice. • They end up with half of the Diploid Number • Meiosis: Specialized Nuclear Division • Like Mitosis includes the following phases:

47. Big Idea: “Sex” Cells undergo division twice.

48. Big Idea: There is too much information to pass on. • Information gets rewritten and new versions are created. • Meiosis I: “Rewriting” Period • AKA: Primary Division • Crossing Over occurs during this period • Chromatids exchange information • Happens during Prophase I • TWO Daughter Cells that are different • 2n  2 2n

49. Big Idea: There is too much information to pass on. • Information gets rewritten and new versions are created. • Meiosis II: “Separation” Period • AKA: Secondary Division • Independent Assortment • Alignment during metaphase is random • FOUR Daughter Cells that are different • 2 2n  n, n, n, n

50. Activity