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Reforming America: The Progressive Era Revolution

Explore the diverse group of Progressives, from muckrakers exposing corruption to radical thinkers challenging norms. Learn about key figures like Margaret Sanger, Eugene Debs, and Theodore Roosevelt, who transformed society through art, politics, and advocacy. Dive into state and city reforms, suffrage battles, and economic regulations that shaped the modern United States.

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Reforming America: The Progressive Era Revolution

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  1. Chapter 22 The Progressive Era

  2. Who were the Progressives? • New Middle Class of young professionals • Apply principles of professions to problems of society • Volunteer organizations • Never fully united/often contradictory • Mainly urban • Hofstadter’s theory: “status revolution”

  3. Muckrakers • Henry Demarest Lloyd and Ida Tarbell, exposed Standard Oil • Lincoln Steffens, “The Shame of the Cities,” attacked political machines

  4. The Progressive Mind • Arouse “conscious of the people” • “laissez faire is obsolete” • Paternalistic, oversimplified issues • Often at war with themselves

  5. Progressive Artists • Sloan, Henri, Luks: “ashcan artists” • Felt they were “rebels” • Angry when European artists like Matisse and Picasso got all the glory! • Henri’s Gypsy Girl

  6. “Radical” Progressives • Eugene Debs and Socialists • IWW and Bill Haywood • Freud • “Bohemian thinkers” like Duncan, Stiglietz, Dell, O’Neill

  7. Margaret Sanger • Militant campaigner for birth control • Mother’s 18 pregnancies and 11 live births • Arrested for violating “postal indecency” laws • American Birth Control League (in 1942 becomes Planned Parenthood)

  8. Writers • Ezra Pound • Carl Sandburg

  9. Cities First: Reform! • Abe Ruef in San Francisco, p. 577 • Toledo Mayor Samuel “Golden Rule” Jones • Mayor Tom Johnson (Cleveland), Seth Low and John P. Mitchell (New York), Hazen Pingree (Detroit) • City manager system starts in Dayton • “gas and water socialism”

  10. State Reform: Wisconsin Leads the Way • Bob Lafollette and WISCONSIN IDEA • Direct primary, limit campaign contributions • Commissions and agencies • Oregon experiments with initiative and referendum

  11. State Social Legislation • Role of 14th Amendment in striking down progressive laws? • Lochner v. NY, Hammer v. Dagenhart, Adkins v. Children’s Hospital • 1911 Triangle Shirtwaist Fire disaster

  12. Consumer’s League • “investigate, agitate, legislate” • Louis Brandeis and “Brandeis Brief,” based on evidence!

  13. Women’s Suffrage • Failures of 14th and 15th Amendment • American Women’s Suffrage Association • National Women’s Suffrage Association • E. C. Stanton, S. B. Anthony • “Victorian ideals”

  14. National American Women’s Suffrage Association • Stanton and Anthony, later Carrie Chapman Catt • More radical Congressional Union • Alice Paul, Alva Belmont • Pickets White house

  15. Political Reform • 16th Amendment • 17th Amendment • Reforms in House of Reps • “Czar” Tom Reed

  16. TR: “Cowboy in the White House” • His background • Alarmed conservatives! • ICC, Newlands Act, Dept. of Commerce and Bureau of Corps, Elkins RR Act • Needed EFFECTIVE regulation—not afraid to DO IT!

  17. Roosevelt takes on Big Business • Northern Securities: JP Morgan tries to stop him! • 1902 Coal Strike: he organizes mediation • Evolution of Modern Presidency!

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