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Understanding RDA: Evolution of Cataloguing Standards for the Digital Era

This document explores the genesis and strategic plan of the Resource Description and Access (RDA) standard, developed to improve bibliographic description and access in the modern digital environment. It highlights the reasons for a new standard, the principles and goals of RDA, and the collaborative efforts among international stakeholders. Key historical milestones in cataloguing, from Panizzi's rules to the development of FRBR, are examined. With an emphasis on international applicability and responsiveness to user needs, RDA aims to provide consistency and flexibility for diverse information carriers.

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Understanding RDA: Evolution of Cataloguing Standards for the Digital Era

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  1. RDA : the Inside Story The Genesis OLA, February 2, 2008 Ingrid Parent Library and Archives Canada

  2. Overview • Why a new standard? • RDA principles and goals • Who develops and supports RDA? • Timeline

  3. From Panizzi’s rules to AACR2 • 1841: Panizzi’s rules for the British Museum • 1876: Cutter’s rules • 1902-1949: Separate U.S. and U.K. rules • 1961: Lubetsky, IFLA and “Paris Principles” • 1967: AACR, North American/UK differences • 1969: IFLA and International Standard Bibliographic Description • 1978: AACR2

  4. AACR2 • 1978 • 1988 • 1998 • 2002

  5. 1997 International Conference on the Principles & Future Development of AACR, Toronto • Worldwide experts identified issues: • Principles • Content vs. carrier • Logical structure of AACR2 • Seriality • Internationalization

  6. FRBR • Published by IFLA in 1998 • Reinforces basic objectives of catalogues and importance of relationships for users to carry out basic tasks – find, identify, select, obtain • Structure allows collocation at Work/Expression level • Conceptual model of entities, relationships and attributes[FRBR: Functional Requirements for Bibliographic Records http://www.ifla.org/VII/s13/frbr/frbr.pdf]

  7. IME ICC • IFLA updates and reaffirms Paris Principles, 2003-2007 • series of regional meetings - IFLA Meeting of Experts on an International Cataloguing Code • increase the ability to share cataloguing worldwide by promoting standards • develop “Statement of International Cataloguing Principles”

  8. New standard: why? • Align with conceptual models (FRBR, FRAD) to build well-formed metadata • Encourage application of FRBR/FRAD • Encourage use as a content standard for metadata schema • Encourage international applicability • Address current problems • Provide more consistency • Principle-based • To guide cataloguer’s judgment[FRAD: Functional Requirements for Authority Data http://www.ifla.org/VII/d4/FRANAR-ConceptualModel-2ndReview.pdf]

  9. New Cataloguing Environment • Need to provide access to a wider range of information carriers: wider depth & complexity of content • Metadata (bibliographic information) created by a wider range of personnel in and outside libraries (authors, administrators, cataloguers, computers, publishers, etc.) • Descriptive data in digital form (ONIX, etc.)

  10. RDA Objectives and Principles • Objectives • Responsiveness to user needs • Cost efficiency • Flexibility • Continuity • Principles • Based on IME ICC draft statement of principles: Differentiation, Sufficiency, Relationships, etc. • Draft IME ICC statement: http://www.loc.gov/loc/ifla/imeicc/pdf/statement-draft3_apr06cleancopy.pdf

  11. Strategic PlanGoals for RDA • A new standard for resource description and access • Designed for the digital environment • Description and access of all digital and analog resources • Resulting descriptions usable in digital environment (Web-based catalogues and resource discovery services) • Web-based tool • paper also available http://www.collectionscanada.ca/jsc/stratplan.html

  12. RDA will be … • “Amultinationalcontent standard providing bibliographic description and access for the variety of media and formats collected by libraries today” • Designed to be used in all language communities • Intend to remove English-bias

  13. MARC 21 • Replacement of GMD • Other changes to accommodate new elements • MARBI discussion paper – January 2008 • http://www.loc.gov/marc/marbi/2008/2008-dp04.html • MARBI proposals – June 2008

  14. RDA and DC (Dublin Core) • “Data Modeling Meeting” - London 2007 • development of an RDA Element Vocabulary • development of an RDA Dublin Core Application Profile based on FRBR and FRAD • identification of RDA Value Vocabularies for Semantic Web

  15. Who’s developing and supporting RDA?

  16. The supporting cast • JSC constituencies • Canada – Canadian Committee on Cataloguing • Working Groups – Examples, Appendices, etc. • Outreach Group • Other communities (e.g., DC, MARC) • Other rule making bodies

  17. RDA timeline • Dec. 07-Mar. 2008: Review of access point control chapters • July-Sept. 2008: Review of complete draft of RDA • Dec. 2008: RDA text finalised • early 2009: Release of RDA • late 2009: Implementation

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