The Reformation

1. The Reformation Mr. Williamson Somerville HS

2. An Introduction • As wealth/influence of Catholic Church grew, examples of financial/power abuse, immorality grew as well • Public’s view of CLERGY (priests, monks) weakens • Heavy taxation on poor/middle class to pay Renaissance artists (Michelangelo, etc.) causes discontent

3. An Introduction • In order to raise $ to build Saint Peter’s Basilica, Pope Leo X approved the sale of INDULGENCES • Pardon/Amnesty issued by the pope that people could buy to reduce a soul’s time in purgatory • In the Catholic faith, purgatory is where a soul goes to work off the “sins” they committed

4. An Introduction • People now become more devoted to their “nation” vs. the church. • Were citizens of a government • Popes lead lavish lives, increased fees for marriages, baptisms • Presence of the printing press starts to spread literature throughout Europe • Humanist ideas, education, social reform • People start to question the Church!

5. Reformation Review – p. 450 (top) in text • What are the factors that set the stage for change in the Catholic Church? • 1. • 2. • 3. • 4. • 5. • 6 • 7. • 8. • 9.

6. Partner Challenge • Imagine you and your partner are store owners who attend religious services regularly, donates money/clothing to the Church. • You are fed up with how the Church is conducting business and see the corruption first hand. • Compose a letter (Dear…) to the church summarizing your unhappiness with how the church is moving forward. Name at least 4 specific items that you are upset with and how they are ruining your view of the church. • 2 Paragraphs total, letter format please!

7. Martin Luther steps in • Martin Luther – German monk, professor of theology (study of religion) • 1517 – Protests against the church, spreads into a full scale revolt • Saw the church as corrupt/needed immediate change • In Wittenberg, Germany he posts his arguments against the church, known as the “95 Theses”

8. His Argument • “95 Theses” – argued against indulgences • “95 Theses” spreads quickly given the new technology of the printing press • Church demanded he give up on his views, he refused • 1521 – Pope Leo X excommunicated/expelled Luther, declared an outlaw

9. His Argument • Many accepted his views/teachings and rejected the authority of the pope • His teachings – Main Themes • All have equal access to God through faith/bible • Wanted schools so children could read the bible • Banned confession, indulgences, prayers to saints • Permitted the clergy to marry

10. Martin Luther Video Presentation • Environment: Describe the landscape they see in the film clips • Activities: What activities were popular in that location as described in the film? • Social Issues: What were the issues important in each community at the time Luther was a resident? • Effect on Luther: After seeing and hearing about each location, explain how that location affected Luther's ideas and attitudes.

11. 95 Theses Activity • Using your partner, knowledge of Martin Luther and your SHS student handbook, create a list of your “10 Theses” • You will use the student handbook to brainstorm a minimum of 10 grievances (15 maximum) you have with school administration/district • You will have 20 minutes to create/rank your grievances then conduct a short oral presentation from your seats explaining your conclusions • You will submit your grievances for a project grade, good luck!

12. His Ideas Spread • Lutherans – Martin Luther’s followers • New name – Protestant after they protested papal authority • Edict of Worms – 1521, official split between Catholics/Lutherans • Lutheranism in Germany spreads

13. Reformation Spreads • Switzerland – Ulrich Zwingli, began preaching ideas similar to Luther • However, his reforms went further than Luther’s • Ideas on religion viewed as radical • Supported a theocracy • Gov’t in which state/religion are joined and officials are religiously inspired

14. Reformation Spreads • John Calvin – born in France, trained as a priest and lawyer, influenced by Renaissance humanists • Preached Predestination • Idea that God had long ago determined who would gain “salvation” • Took root in city of Geneva, Switzerland, theocratic government • Calvinism viewed people as sinful, very strict laws on people’s behavior, church attendance is mandatory

15. Reformation Spreads • Venn Diagram Review • Using notes and p. 452 in text, complete the Venn Diagram by comparing/contrasting Ulrich Zwingli and John Calvin. • The goal is to have 4-5 items in each zone. • Complete with your partner, you have 7 minutes. We will review as a class.

16. English Reformation • King Henry VIII – sought an annulment (cancel) his marriage since divorce was not allowed in the Catholic Church • His request was denied by the pope and decides to break away from the church • English church is now under Henry’s rule, he executes individuals resistant to change (Catholics)

17. English Reformation • Henry orders all Catholic churches, convents to close • Their land, wealth was taken • Secured support from nobles to start the Anglican Church (Church of England) • Rejected most Protestant doctrines • Much of his religion was based on Catholic forms of worship

18. English Reformation • Battle between Catholics and Protestants went on for years until Queen Elizabeth created a compromise for both • Acceptable middle ground for Protestants/Catholics • Allowed English instead of Latin • Accepted moderate Protestant doctrines • Largely ended decades of religious turmoil

19. Counter-Reformation • Reform movement within the Catholic church led by Pope Paul III • Done in response to Protestantism • Wanted to revive moral authority • Stop the spread of Protestantism • End corruption

20. Jesuits • Pope recognizes a new order, Society of Jesus or Jesuits • Founded by Ignatius of Loyola, focused on: • Spiritual/moral discipline • Absolute obedience to the church • Concentrated on education by establishing missions, schools and universities • Job was to spread the faith around the world/ regain ground against Protestantism

21. Council of Trent • 1545-1563 – Pope Paul III called a meeting to examine Protestant challenges/clarify Catholic teachings • Representatives addressed corruption, training of priests, removed sale of indulgences • Rejected Protestant beliefs/argued that church could provide salvation through practices • Catholics now have renewed energy/confidence