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The Rise and Spread of Islam. The Rise and Spread of Islam. Time period: 632-present Location: Arabian Peninsula Founder: Mohamed Holy Book: Quran –written in Arabic. Words to Know. Islam submission to god Muslim person who follows Islam Allah god in Arabic Mosque
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The Rise and Spread of Islam • Time period: 632-present • Location: Arabian Peninsula • Founder: Mohamed • Holy Book: Quran –written in Arabic
Words to Know • Islam submission to god • Muslim person who follows Islam • Allah god in Arabic • Mosque Muslim place of worship
Mohamed/Muhammad • founder of Islam • 570-Born in the city of Mecca • Mecca= busy trading city on the Arabian Peninsula • successful businessman who led camel caravans along Arabian trade routes
had visions of the Angel Gabriel, who told him to recite the word of god Mohamed’s teachings were collected and written in the Quran Mohamed/Muhammad
Mohamed/Muhammad • 622-forced to leave Mecca for the city of Medina • this move is called thehejira • he created the first Islamic city-state in Medina • 630 -returned and invaded Mecca • 632-death of Mohamed
Beliefs/Traditions • Five Pillars of Islam • These are the main religious duties of Muslims • There will definitely be a question on the Regents about the 5 Pillars, so you better know them!
Five Pillars of Islam • Shadah belief in one god • Salat prayer 5 times a day • Siyam to fast from sunrise to sunset during the holy month of Ramadan
Five Pillars of Islam • Zakat giving to charity and the poor every year • Hajj pilgrimage to the holy city of Mecca in Saudi Arabia once in a Muslim’s life
Spread of Islam • Following the death of Mohamed … Islam experienced rapid expansion in Afro Eurasia • Muslim armies marched across WE until they were defeated in France, Battle of Tours, 732 • By the 1400’s, Muslim Empire extended from Spain to India
Rapid Expansion of the Islamic Empire , 7th-8th C • 636-Damascus became capital city (ME) • 638-Jerusalem (ME) • 640-Cyprus (ME) • 640-Alexandria,Egypt (AF) • 670-Muslim blockade of Constantinople (EE)
Rapid Expansion of the Islamic Empire , 7th-8th C • 697-Carthage (AF) • 711-Toledo, capital of Spain (WE) • 718- all of Spain (WE) • 732-southern France until defeated at Battle of Tours (WE)
Umayyad Dynasty 661-750 • Capital city at Damascus (Syria, SWA) • Arabicbecame language of many conquered people and helped unify them under Islam • camel and horse cavalries were faster than traditional armies; empire expanded quickly
Umayyad Dynasty 661-750 • How did the Ummayads treat the people they conquered? • allowed people to follow own belief systems and culture • non-Muslims sometimes paid higher taxes • Jews and Christians held important gov’t. positions • many people converted to Islam in the late 8th century
Umayyad Dynasty 661-750 • For several centuries, most people in the Islamic Empire were neither Muslim or Arab. • Cross regional and cultural exchange occurred for many years among Christians, Jews, Muslims and polytheistic people.
Great Mosque at Cordoba, Spain (now a Catholic Cathedral)
