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WWI & The Russian Revolution

WWI & The Russian Revolution. World War I. Prelude to War. Who was the main man prior to WWI who managed international affairs?. Bismarck. Prelude to War. What was Britain’s foreign policy before 1902?. Splendid Isolation. Prelude to War.

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WWI & The Russian Revolution

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  1. WWI & The Russian Revolution

  2. World War I

  3. Prelude to War • Who was the main man prior to WWI who managed international affairs? Bismarck

  4. Prelude to War • What was Britain’s foreign policy before 1902? Splendid Isolation

  5. Prelude to War • Which territory/area did France want back from Germany Alsace-Lorraine

  6. Prelude to War • What was the main crisis other than the assassination of Archduke Franz Ferdinand that instigated events that eventually culminated into WWI? The Balkans (Serbia) – Pan Slavism Archduke Franz Ferdinand

  7. Prelude to War • What two countries consisted of the Dual Alliance of 1879? Germany & Austria

  8. Prelude to War • What was ultimately brought about due to Wilhelm’s II failure to continue the Reinsurance Treaty with Russia? Wilhelm II Enemies on two fronts with the alliance made between France and Russia.

  9. Prelude to War • The Anglo-French Entente was: • (A) a defensive treaty directed at containing German expansion • (B) a defensive treaty directed at containing German expansion overseas • (C) resolved Anglo-French colonial disputes in Egypt and Morocco • (D) a 19th century agreement which ended diplomatic isolation of Britain • (E) an agreement to finance the building of the Trans-Siberian railroad • (C) resolved Anglo-French colonial disputes in Egypt and Morocco

  10. Prelude to War • (1) What was the significance of the Entente Cordiale? (2) Who was it between? (3) What was it – a defensive alliance, a truce, …? • (1) It was a treaty that resolved various colonial issues. (2) It was between France and Great Britain. (3) It was an easing of tension between the two countries but was not a formal military alliance.

  11. Prelude to War • Why was the Reinsurance Treaty with Russia abandoned? Give a few reasons. • Bismarck, the “pilot” of international affairs was dropped by Wilhelm II. The next chancellor could not manage Bismarck’s complex alliances. • Wilhelm wanted to strengthen relations with Britain so he decided to drop Russia. • Wilhelm II was irrational in his dealing with other nations.

  12. Prelude to War • A long term trend which was a basic cause of World War I was: • (A) the decline of the Ottoman Empire. • (B) the rise of Poland • (C) Italian interests in the Balkans • (D) Russian refusal to become involved in the Balkans • (E) a decline in nationalist sentiment in Europe (A) The decline of the Ottoman Empire

  13. Prelude to War!!! • What did Wilhelm II do to worsen relations with Great Britain and push them closer to France? • Building up the German navy – challenging Britain’s naval superiority. • Moroccan Crisis 1: displayed Germany’s aggressive behavior – pushed Britain closer to France. • Moroccan Crisis 2: same thing – pushed Britain closer to France.

  14. Prelude to War!!! • (1) Why did Austria feel that they had to go to war? (2) What was Germany role in their decision? (3) What is the phrase for what they offered? • (1) They felt that if they showed weakness their multinational state would fall apart. (2) Germany backed Austria fully. (3) They offered them a “blank check.”

  15. The War Erupts in Europe (1) What event sparked the beginning of World War I? (2) Who were involved; (3) where did it happen? (1) The assassination of Archduke Franz Ferdinand in (3) Sarajevo. (2) Gavrilo Princip of the Black Hand from Serbia was the killer.

  16. War!!! • (1) Which country had the strongest army? (2) Strongest navy? (1) Germany had the strongest army. (2) Great Britain had the strongest navy. This is a sample of a song in the WWI period. “Over There” by George M. Cohan.

  17. War!!! • (1) What was the initial reaction toward the war of the people of the countries involved in WWI? (2) Why was this important? (3) What happened towards the end of the war? (1) People were enthusiastic and nationalistic; they supported the war. (2) It’s important because it effectively paused revolutions and other movements. (3) Towards the end of the war people became tired and questioned the government and nationalistic sentiment was lost.

  18. War!!! Why was war inevitable when Austria issued their ultimatum to Serbia? Their demands were impossible to meet – thus war was inevitable.

  19. War!!! If the immediate conflict was between Serbia and Austria, why did the rest of the world enter this conflict? Give specific examples. The confusing alliance system forged over decades brought other countries into war. The dual alliance between Austria and Germany and Pan-Slavism which brought Russia into the war which brought France who was allied to Russia along.

  20. War!!! • (1) What were the two coalitions of countries called and what countries were part of them during WWI? (2) What did they later become called? (1) The Triple Entente : Great Britain, France, Russia ; The Triple Alliance: Germany, Austria, and Italy. (2) Triple Entente become Allied Powers. Triple Alliance become the Central Powers.

  21. War!!! • (1) What was first used in WWI? (2) What did this show about modern warfare? (3) What was the meeting called to end these atrocities? (1) Trench warfare, machine guns, most notably – poison gas. (2) War was becoming increasingly inhumane. (3) The Geneva Accords was a meeting called to end war atrocities.

  22. War!!! • What was the war strategy the Germans had entering this war to deal with the two-front war with France and Germany? The Schlieffen Plan

  23. War!!! Why did the Schlieffen Plan fail? Give at least 3 reasons. • The “right arm” of Germany was slowed down by a stubborn and resisting Belgium • The German army pushed French forces back rather than luring them to be crushed by the “right arm” of Germany’s forces. • Russia attacked quickly and general Schlieffen died before the strategy could be initiated. Some of the German army were sent to the Eastern front weakening the “right arm.” • Problems in Belgium caused Britain to declare war on Germany.

  24. War!!! What type of warfare emerged during World War I never seen before – particularly in the Western front? Trench warfare.

  25. War!!! What did the Battles of the Marne, Sommes and Verdun teach the countries involved? WWI would be a war of attrition.

  26. War!!! • Who was on the offensive in the battle of the Marne? The German army

  27. War!!! • Who was on the offensive in the Battle of Sommes? The British and French forces.

  28. War!!! • What was the strongest German artillery called? Big Bertha

  29. War!!! • (1) What was the short term outcome of the Battle of Tanneburg? (2) Long term effect? (1) Russia was pushed back and lost enormous amounts of troops but (2) France was ultimately saved since this (1) weakened the Schlieffen Plan

  30. War!!! • (1) What country was Lawrence of Arabia from? (2) Why was he sent to the Ottoman Empire? (1) England. (2) To stir up nationalism there.

  31. War!!! • (1) What country was enjoying a policy of “Isolationism” at the beginning of the war? (2) Why? (1) The United States. (2) As a young country, they did not want to become a part of Europe’s problems.

  32. War!!! • What events influenced the U.S. to enter the war on the side of the Triple Entente? Give at least 3 events. • The Zimmerman Telegraph • Unrestricted German submarine warfare • More effective propaganda employed by French and British newspapers, etc. • Better relations with nations in the Triple Entente.

  33. War!!! • What is another reason the US joined the war against the Central Powers? Because the Allies had borrowed more money and the US wanted them to be able to return it. Another sound clip of a WWI song. “It’s a Long, Long Way to Tipperary” by Jack Judge and Harry Williams.

  34. War!!! • What was the Zimmerman Telegram? The Zimmerman telegram was a telegram sent by the German government, but intercepted by the British, to the Mexican government. It told Mexico to declare war on the U.S. and in return it would receive some states.

  35. War!!! • What was the frightening new weapon that was first used by the Germans? Chemical warfare

  36. War!!! • Due to shortages in Germany how was milk distributed among the people? Only expecting mothers and children could have milk.

  37. War!!! • Describe the common tactic used to penetrate the enemies system of trenches. First there is a massive bombardment by artillery and then men would rush across no man’s land.

  38. War!!! • What was the role of airplanes in World War I? Airplanes were mainly used as scouts, but often bombs and guns were given to the pilots to use.

  39. War!!! • Who was the nickname of the best German pilot? The Red Baron

  40. War!!! • What was the British solution to ending trench warfare? The brand new revolutionary machine, the tank.

  41. War!!! • What was the Balfour Declaration? A British document that said that the British looked favorably on the creation of a Israeli state.

  42. War!!! • What was Total War? Total War was a system where a nation carefully controlled the economy in order to maximize war output

  43. War!!! • When did Kaiser William II abdicate? November 9 1918

  44. War!!! • What caused the ending of WWI? Give a few reasons. • The arrival of the Americans – the Germans realized that the war would never end. • The naval blockade by Great Britain – Germans were literally being starved out. • Germany and her allies were in a worse position than her enemies. People were suffering- starving.

  45. War!!! • The expression “all quiet on the western front” refers to (1) what and (2) when? (1) The armistice reached on (2) the 11th month, the 11th day and the 11th hour where fighting ceased. Another song of WWI. “Roses of Picardy” by Haydn Wood and Fred Weatherly.

  46. War!!! • (1) What would have been an ideal treaty for WWI and which individual had it formulated? (2) Why was it rejected? (1) A treaty based on Wilson’s 14 Points including self-autonomy and a league of nations to maintain peace. (2) It was rejected because the other nations were more cynical towards America’s idealism. The only point accepted was the League of Nations but that association had no power.

  47. Fourteen Points • What was one major ideal of the Fourteen Points that had to deal with Germany and reparations? Woodrow Wilson To not punish Germany very harshly

  48. Fourteen Points • What was another major idea of the Fourteen Points that had to deal with imperialism? The removal of all colonies

  49. Peace at Last • (1) What treaty ended WWI? (2) On what date was it signed? (1) The Treaty of Versailles signed in (2) late 1918.

  50. Peace at Last • (1) At the Treaty of Versailles, who wanted to cripple Germany? (2) Who wanted to make punishment light? (3) Whose idea prevailed? • (1) Georges Clemenceau, the French Premier did. (2) Woodrow Wilson, president of the US did. (3) Clemenceau was backed up by David Lloyd George, British prime minister who was not that adamant on crippling Germany but wanted Germany punished.

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