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The Russian Revolution 1905 - 1924

The Russian Revolution 1905 - 1924. Richard Malone Student Lectures March 2012. Area of Study 1 January ……. to October ……. Big Picture Question. Why did the Russian Revolution occur?. Factors: LONG & SHORT. Crises: POLITICAL, ECONOMIC & SOCIAL. Exam.

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The Russian Revolution 1905 - 1924

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  1. The Russian Revolution1905 - 1924 Richard Malone Student Lectures March 2012

  2. Area of Study 1January …….to October …….

  3. Big PictureQuestion • Why did the Russian Revolution occur? Factors: LONG & SHORT Crises: POLITICAL, ECONOMIC & SOCIAL

  4. Exam Area of Study 1: Revolutionary ideas, leaders, movements & events  Part A: two short answer questions or  Part B: one written or visual document

  5. BUT… Tsarist regime challenged by revolutionary ………., ……………. & ………………..

  6. Key Ideas: Marxism Key Concept: “The history of all hitherto existing society is the history of class struggle.” Key Argument: The rise of communism is …………………………… Key Action: capitalism would be overthrown by the proletariat wanting socialism

  7. Role of Leaders  Study Design tip – “role of leaders is debateable”  My answer – “leaders don’t ……………… revolutions but they do ………………… them” William Doyle admits that ‘it would truer to say that the revolutionaries had been created by the revolution’

  8. Lenin before the February Revolution 1917 “We older ones will not live to see the revolution in our lifetime.” [Lecture given by Lenin in Switzerland in January 1917] Lenin before the October Revolution 1917 “History will not forgive us if we do not assume power.” [Lenin in a letter to the Bolsheviks from Finland in September 1917]

  9. Key Leaders • Tsarist Leaders • … • … • …17 • 2. Revolutionary Leaders • … • … • …

  10. Tsar Nicholas II • Key Mistakes: • A…………………………… belief in autocracyeg. Fundamental State Laws in 1907 eg. took command of army himself in 1915 • F……………………………………….. to reformeg. lack of real support for Witte and Stolypin’s reforms eg. dismissed first & second Dumas in 1906-7 • M……………………………needs of his peopleeg. disregarded requests of workers’ petition in Bloody Sunday protest in January 1905 eg. blamed the Duma for protests in February 1917

  11. Al Kerensky • joined …………………………………… in 1905. Elected to 4th Duma • initiated …………………………………. • made …………………………….. in July • suppressed ……………. in July Day protests but released them to defend Petrograd from ………………………. in August • inadequate defences to resist Bolshevik takeover in ………………………………….

  12. “Lenin” • P…………………………... eg. began Bolsheviks, 1903-1917 • I…………………………….eg. avid reader of Marxist writingseg. 1906-1917, exiled in European countries • I…………………………….eg. What is to be Done?, 1902 eg. April Theses, 1917 • P…………………………….eg. recruited Trotsky in July 1917 eg. convinced Bolshevik Central Committee of need of immediate revolution in October 1917

  13. N………………………………….. eg. played no role in 1905 eg. played no role in Feb Rev 1917 eg. only in Russia for 4 months, April to July 1917 • I……………………………………. • eg. impact of speech at Finland Station, April 1917 • eg. initiated Bolshevik defeat of the Prov. Government • U…………………………………… • eg. remained loyal to the cause during Stolypin’s oppression of revolutionaries 1906-11 • eg. escaped to Finland to continue fighting after July Days • P………………………………....... • eg. head of new Bolshevik Government in Oct 1917

  14. “Trotsky” • Joined Marxists in 1897 • Active in 1905 Revolution • Exiled from 1905 – 1917

  15. … • … • … • … • … • … • …

  16. Key Movements  ………………………. Movements Eg  ………………………. Movements eg.  ………………………. Movements eg.

  17. Different Perspectives #1 • Trotsky • “What has taken place is an uprising not a conspiracy. An uprising of the masses of the people needs no justification. We have been strengthening the revolutionary energy of the workers and the soldiers. We have been forging, openly, the will of the masses for an uprising. Our uprising has won.” • 25 October 1917

  18. Different Perspectives #2 • Richard Pipes • Just because the Oct Rev was ‘easy’ doesn’t make it inevitable, as Lenin persuaded people to believe • In fact, not even Lenin was sure whether the takeover would be successful or not • If the Oct Rev was not inevitable, then the very basis of Marxist ideology is flawed

  19. Different Perspectives #3 • Edward Acton • “The central drama of the revolution was precisely the attempt of the Russian masses to assert direct control over their own lives… October marked the moment at which power began to move from the hands of the mass movement, then at full tide, into the hands of an organisation determined to exercise control from above. The popular vision paled, dimmed and faded away.”

  20. “rasputin”by BONEY M 1978There lived a certain man in Russia long agoHe was big and strong, in his eyes a flaming glowMost people looked at him with terror and with fearBut to Moscow chicks he was such a lovely dearHe could preach the bible like a preacherFull of ecstasy and fireBut he also was the kind of teacherWomen woulddesire

  21. RA RA RASPUTINLover of the Russian queenThere was a cat that really was goneRA RA RASPUTINRussia's greatest love machineIt was a shame how he carried on

  22. He ruled theRussian land and never mind the CzarBut the kasachok he danced really wunderbarIn all affairs of state he was the man to pleaseBut he was real great when he had a girl to squeezeFor the queen he was no wheeler dealerThough she'd heard the things he'd doneShe believed he was a holy healerWho would heal her son

  23. RA RA RASPUTINLover of the Russian queenThere was a cat that really was goneRA RA RASPUTINRussia's greatest love machineIt was a shame how he carried on

  24. (Spoken:)But when his drinking and lusting and his hungerfor power became known to more and more people,the demands to do something about this outrageousman became louder and louder.

  25. "This man's just got to go!" declared his enemiesBut the ladies begged"Don't you try to do it, please"No doubt this Rasputin had lots of hidden charmsThough he was a brute they just fell into his arms

  26. Then one night some men of higher standingSet a trap, they're not to blame"Come to visit us" they kept demandingAnd he really came

  27. RA RA RASPUTINLover of the Russian queenThey put some poison into his wineRA RA RASPUTINRussia's greatest love machineHe drank it all and he said "I feel fine"

  28. RA RA RASPUTINLover of the Russian queenThey didn't quit, they wanted his headRA RA RASPUTINRussia's greatest love machineAnd so they shot him till he was dead

  29. (Spoken:)Oh, those Russians...

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