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The Huguenot Struggle: Religious Wars in France and the Rise of Calvinism

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The religious wars in France, marked by the conflict between Calvinist Huguenots and the Catholic monarchy, shaped the nation's history from the 16th century. Kings like François I and Henri II repressed the Huguenots, leading to brutal persecutions and infamous events such as the St. Bartholomew’s Day Massacre. Power struggles and alliances, including marriages within the royal family, influenced the throne's dynamics. Henri IV ultimately emerged, converting to Catholicism and issuing the Edict of Nantes in 1598, granting the Huguenots legal recognition.

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The Huguenot Struggle: Religious Wars in France and the Rise of Calvinism

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  1. Religious Wars in France

  2. Calvinism in France • French-Calvinists called Huguenots • French Monarchy Catholic • King Francois I suppressed Huguenots

  3. King Henri II • Persecuted Huguenots • Burning Chamber • Married Catherine Medici • Mistress Diane de Poitiers • Killed when a lance struck him in he eye

  4. Catherine Medici • Power behind the French throne • Had Diane de Poitier deposed • Oldest son, Francois II, took throne in 1559 • 1560, Protestants try attempt coup • Catherine coup squashed

  5. Religious War • Francois II died in 1560 • Charles IX becomes king • 1562-1572, war between Protestants and Catholics • 1572, Peace of Saint Germain

  6. St. Bartholomew’s Day Massacre • 1572 • Marriage between Marguerite of Valois and Henri of Navarre • Assassination of Gaspard de Coligny • Genocide killing of Huguenots

  7. Henri III • Initially resumed religious wars • 1576, agreed to a truce • Gave Huguenots legal status and recognition • Made some powerful enemies • Henri, Duke of Guise • Catholic League The Catholic League were kind of like the Spanish equivalent of the KKK…except against Protestants

  8. The War of the Three Henries • 1587-1589 • Henri of Guise gets fed up with King Henri III for not crusading against Protestants • 1588, Henry of Guise usurps throne • Later in 1588, Henri III poisons Henri of Guise • Catholic League assassinates Henri III in 1589 • Who will be King of France • Husband of Marguerite of Valois (Henri of Navarre)

  9. Henri of Navarre • Crowned King • Agrees to become Catholic • 1598, Edict of Nantes • Pope Clement VIII issues divorce • Remarries Marie Medici • Fathers Louis XIII

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