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Reform Movements before and after the Civil war

Social Studies Survey. Reform Movements before and after the Civil war. Social Reforms. Temperance and Prison Reforms. Temperance Movement. Temperance - moderation in the consumption of alcohol Been active since the late 1700’s advocating evils of alcohol

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Reform Movements before and after the Civil war

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  1. Social Studies Survey Reform Movements before and after the Civil war

  2. Social Reforms Temperance and Prison Reforms

  3. Temperance Movement • Temperance- moderation in the consumption of alcohol • Been active since the late 1700’s advocating evils of alcohol • 1833- group formed the American Temperance Movement • 1851- Maine passed the first state prohibition law

  4. Prison Reform • One of society’s strongest needs, as many prisoners of various types were housed together • Began to change around 1816 when states enacted laws to replace old facilities • Focused on rehabilitation instead of being merely locked up • Early champion and national figure was Louis Dwight

  5. Educational/Suffrage Reforms Public Education and Women’s Rights

  6. Public Education • Democracy demands an informed and educated electorate • Began to push states to fund schools in early 1800’s • Early leader and advocate was Horace Mann in the mid 1800’s • 1850’s- tax-supported elementary schools had gained popularity • North was more willing to reform quickly; South lagged drastically behind (by 1860, only 1/3 of Southern white children were enrolled in public school )

  7. Women’s Rights (Education and Suffrage) • Schooling usually was meant for only males during the early 1800’s • 1814- Emma Willard found girl’s boarding school • 1837- first higher education institute • 1848- Seneca Falls Convention by Lucretia Mott, Elizabeth Cady Stanton (Seneca Falls Declaration that proposed that men and women created equal; women should get the right to vote)

  8. Abolitionist Movement Anti-slavery movement

  9. Anti-Slavery Movement • Abolition- immediate end to slavery • Emancipation- freeing of enslaved people • Most divisive and polarizing because it directly pitted North against South • Began in religious groups such as Quakers and Baptists • 1830’s- gained momentum because of William Lloyd Garrison • 1833- American Antislavery Society established by Garrison • Frederick Douglass and Sojourner Truth, free African Americans, as well as Women’s Right groups also fought for abolition • 1854- anti-slavery activists found the Republican Party (with first President being Abraham Lincoln

  10. Labor Movement Labor Unions

  11. Labor Unions • Labor Unions- groups of workers who press for better working conditions and member benefits • 1820’s-1830’s have around 300,000 people • Local and focused on single trade, but will expand as factories and industries expand • 1827- labor union created for craft within a city for first time (Mechanics’ Union of Trade Association in Philadelphia) • 1830’s- workingmen’s parties helped to spur reform for equal rights • 1840- Martin Van Buren reduces federal employees workday • 1842- Commonwealth vs. Hunt makes strikes within workplace legal • 1852- first nationwide labor union created (International Typographic Union)

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