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Defending Against Pathogens: Main Types & Treatments

Learn about the 5 main pathogens - bacteria, viruses, fungi, protozoa, and parasites - causing diseases and how they are treated. Discover common infections like tetanus, mumps, and hepatitis. Find out about the body's defense mechanisms and ways to stay healthy.

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Defending Against Pathogens: Main Types & Treatments

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  1. Diseases

  2. Pathogens agents that invade the body and cause diseases. List and describe the 5 main pathogens and how they are treated..

  3. Pathogen #1: Bacteria • single celled organism; can be killed with antibiotics* antibiotics are used to slow or kill the growth of bacteria. You must take all of the prescribed medicine or it can come back!

  4. What are some of the more common bacterial infections?

  5. Tetanus Causes severe muscle spasms

  6. sore throat, fever, yellow or white specks on the throat Easy to relapse!

  7. Sinus Infection headache, thick mucous, feeling pressure in your head

  8. Bacterial Meningitis Inflammation of the membranes surrounding the brain and spinal cord Could be FATAL!

  9. Salmonellas affects the digestive system, usually spread by contaminated food

  10. Pathogen #2: Virus Tiny pathogens that survive and replicate only inside living cells; can’t be killed by medication Any medication taken is to treat the symptoms; viruses cannot be cured, they have to run their course.

  11. What are some of the more common Viral infections?

  12. Common Cold scratchy sore throat, sneezing, runny nose

  13. FLU headache, sore muscles, sore throat, fever, vomiting, fatigue and coughing

  14. MUMPS pain and swelling of glands in the throat, possible rash

  15. MEASLES fatigue, runny nose, cough, slight fever, small white dots in the mouth, rash covering the body

  16. Mononucleosis Fever, swollen lymph nodes, sore throat & weakness

  17. Hepatitis inflammation of the liver, jaundice, fever, dark urine

  18. Pathogen #3: Fungus organisms that absorb and use the nutrients of living or dead organisms * Usually treated with an over-the-counter anti-fungal cream

  19. Pathogen #4: Protozoa single celled; larger than bacteria(Malaria: Spread by mosquito bites*) Good hygiene is the best preventative measure; other medications require prescription

  20. Pathogen #5: Parasites Feed off of other living things(Lice, ticks)* prevention best, (don’t share brushes, use medicated shampoo, wear protective clothing in wooded areas, etc…

  21. What are the 4 ways infectious diseases can be spread?

  22. Person to Person

  23. FOOD and WATER

  24. Environment

  25. ANIMALS Domestic and wild

  26. What is our body’s first line of defense against disease? SKIN Including mucous membranes

  27. What is Inflammation? How does it help fight infection?

  28. ~ It is a reaction to injury or infection that is characterized by pain, redness, and swelling. ~ It is the body’s second line of defense from pathogens. The inflammatory response shows that body is attacking pathogens.

  29. If a pathogen gets past the physical barriers, what system kicks in to fight the disease from the inside? IMMUNE SYSTEM The body’s last line of defense Your white blood cells produce antibodies that travel through the lymphatic system to fight the pathogens.

  30. What are Immunizations? A vaccine (shot) used to help prevent contracting a specific disease. • A small amount of the pathogen is put in the body so the immune system can develop antibodies so if exposed to the same pathogen you can fight it off without getting it.

  31. What are some things you can do to stay well?

  32. Protect yourself Regular Check up Drink water Eat healthy Get enough sleep Vaccines Exercise Reduce stress Avoid contact with sick people

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