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Psyc 552 Ergonomics & Biomechanics

Psyc 552 Ergonomics & Biomechanics. Lecture 3. Anatomy & Work Evaluation. Primary tool of ergonomists is surface anatomy. The objective is to visualize the structures below the skin. Standing erect Head, eyes, & toes forward Heels and toes together Upper limbs handing by side

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Psyc 552 Ergonomics & Biomechanics

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  1. Psyc 552Ergonomics & Biomechanics Lecture 3

  2. Anatomy & Work Evaluation • Primary tool of ergonomists is surface anatomy. • The objective is to visualize the structures below the skin.

  3. Standing erect Head, eyes, & toes forward Heels and toes together Upper limbs handing by side Palms facing anteriorly. Anatomical Position

  4. Median… Sagittal… Coronal… Horizontal, transverse, axial… Anatomical Planes Image from http://www.spineuniverse.com/displayarticle.php/article1023.html

  5. Directional Terms • Superior… • Inferior… • Anterior… • Posterior…

  6. Directional Terms (cont) • Medial… • Lateral… • Proximal… • Distal…

  7. Superficial… Deep… Parietal… Visceral… Ipsilateral… Contralateral… Directional Terms

  8. Flexion… Extension… Hyperextension… Abduction… Describing Movement

  9. Describing Movement (cont) • Abduction… • Adduction… • Opposition… • Protraction…

  10. Describing Movement (cont) • Retraction… • Elevation… • Depression… • Circumduction…

  11. Describing Movement (cont) • Rotation… • Medial rotation… • Lateral rotation…

  12. Describing Movement (cont) • Eversion of the foot… • Inversion of the foot…

  13. Connective tissue • Bones, ligaments, tendons, fascia, and cartilage are all connective tissue. • Connective tissue provides…

  14. Bones • Osteology – (osteon = bone; logos = study) can be considered bone or tissue. • Divided into two groups…

  15. Long bones • Shaft / Diaphysis • Head / Epiphyses Image from http://www.gen.umn.edu/courses/1135/lab/appendskellab/head.jpg

  16. Bone Physiology • Cortical bone – compact bone • Cancellous bone – trabecular bone

  17. Bone Architecture • Bone structure varies according to its function • Long bones – are rigid

  18. Tubercles and tuberosities and ridges and crests increase rigidity

  19. Bone Architecture (cont) • Bone elasticity results from organic matter • Rigidity results from lamella…

  20. Image from http://www.med.uiuc.edu/histo/large/atlas/image/b11/20a3.htm

  21. Bone Architecture (cont) • Spongy bone… Image from http://cellbio.utmb.edu/microanatomy/bone/spongy_bone_histology.htm

  22. Factors affecting bones…

  23. The Spine • 7 cervical • 12 thoracic • 5 lumbar Image fromhttp://www.spineuniverse.com/displayarticle.php/article1286.html

  24. Lordosis • Concave anteriorly convex posteriorly • Kyphosis • Convex anteriorly and concave posteriorly Image from http://www.spineuniverse.com/displayarticle.php/article1277.html

  25. Joints • Arthrology (arthros = joints; logos = study) • Types • Fibrous joints • Cartilaginous • Synovial

  26. Fibrous Joints Image from http://www.botany.uwc.ac.za/sci_ed/grade10/manphys/joints.htm

  27. Cartilaginous Joints Image from http://www.botany.uwc.ac.za/sci_ed/grade10/manphys/joints.htm

  28. Synovial Joints Image from http://moon.ouhsc.edu/dthompso/namics/joints.HTM#synovial

  29. Synovial Joints (cont)…

  30. Joint Lubrication • Boundary lubrication… • Squeeze film lubrication

  31. Joint Movements • Limited by • Tension of ligaments & muscles • Tension of antagonist muscle • Greatest means of increasing joint flexibility is to increase muscle length.

  32. Types of cartilage • Hyaline… • Fibrocartilage… • Elastic cartilage…

  33. Factors Affecting Cartilage…

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