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Engine Classification

Engine Classification. Power & Energy 3201. Outline. Basic Engine Parts Terminology Displacement Compression Ratio Crankshaft Operating Positions Cylinder Arrangements Number of Pistons Fuel Type. Basic Engine Parts. Basic Terminology. Top Dead Centre (TDC)

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Engine Classification

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  1. Engine Classification Power & Energy 3201

  2. Outline • Basic Engine Parts • Terminology • Displacement • Compression Ratio • Crankshaft Operating Positions • Cylinder Arrangements • Number of Pistons • Fuel Type

  3. Basic Engine Parts

  4. Basic Terminology • Top Dead Centre (TDC) • When the piston is at its highest position in the cylinder. • Bottom Dead Centre (BDC) • When the piston is at its lowest position in the cylinder.

  5. Displacement • Engine displacement • Is the volume of space that the piston moves as it moves from TDC to BDC.

  6. Displacement is measured in cubic inches. • Displacement = (3.14)(d2)(s)(n) ÷ 4

  7. Compression Ratio • When the piston is at BDC, the cylinder volume is at its largest. • When the piston is at TDC, the cylinder volume is at its smallest. • Compression Ratio • Is the ratio of the largest cylinder volume to the smallest cylinder volume.

  8. Compression Ratio • Example: If the cylinder volume measures 6 cu. in. when the piston is at BDC, and 1 cu. in. when at TDC, the compression ratio of the engine is 6 to 1 (6:1).

  9. Number of Cylinders/Pistons • Single-cylinder engines • Contain one cylinder and one piston.

  10. Number of Cylinders/Pistons • Multi-cylinder engines • Contain two, four or even more pistons and cylinders.

  11. Cylinder Arrangements • There are 3 types of cylinder arrangements: • Straight or in-line – type • V – type • Opposed type

  12. Cylinder Arrangements • In the straight or in-line arrangement • All the cylinders are positioned in a row. • The most common

  13. Cylinder Arrangements • In the V-type arrangement • The cylinders are angled to create a V shape.

  14. Cylinder Arrangements • In the opposed arrangement • A pair of cylinders is positioned with one directly opposite the other.

  15. Crankshaft Operating Positions • 2 different operating positions for the crankshaft: • Horizontal • Vertical

  16. Crankshaft Operating Positions • In a horizontal crankshaft engine • The crankshaft is positioned horizontally (side-to-side) inside the engine. • Ex: • Snowblower • Chainsaw

  17. Crankshaft Operating Positions • In a Vertical crankshaft engine • The crankshaft is positioned vertically (straight up-and-down) inside the engine. • Ex: • Lawn mower • Ice auger

  18. Fuel Type • Small engines can operate on • Gasoline • Liquefied Petroleum Gas (LP-gas) • Natural Gas • Diesel Fuel

  19. Gasoline • Gasoline is the most popular of all small engine fuels. • Provides more horsepower • Readily Available • Easily transported

  20. LP-Gas • LP-Gas may be propane, butane or a mixture of both. • Burns cleanly. • Emits fewer harmful fumes.

  21. LP-Gas • Requires a different fuel system. • Often used in warehouses (Fork lifts, generators, compressors).

  22. Natural Gas • Burns cleanly • Causes a horsepower loss of around 20% when compared with gasoline. • Requires a different fuel system.

  23. Diesel Fuels • Diesel fuel is injected into the cylinder where it is ignited by the heat of compression. • Diesel engines are much stronger than small gasoline engines. • Small Diesel engines are not as popular as gasoline engines.

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