1 / 18

THE REFORMATION

THE REFORMATION. Reformation Timeline. 1381 English peasants revolt: support Wycliffe 1415 Jan Hus burned at the stake 1517 Martin Luther writes his Ninety-Five Theses 1520 Pope Leo X excommunicates Luther 1529 England accepts Henry VIII’s reformation

donat
Download Presentation

THE REFORMATION

An Image/Link below is provided (as is) to download presentation Download Policy: Content on the Website is provided to you AS IS for your information and personal use and may not be sold / licensed / shared on other websites without getting consent from its author. Content is provided to you AS IS for your information and personal use only. Download presentation by click this link. While downloading, if for some reason you are not able to download a presentation, the publisher may have deleted the file from their server. During download, if you can't get a presentation, the file might be deleted by the publisher.

E N D

Presentation Transcript

  1. THE REFORMATION

  2. Reformation Timeline 1381 English peasants revolt: support Wycliffe 1415 Jan Hus burned at the stake 1517 Martin Luther writes his Ninety-Five Theses 1520 Pope Leo X excommunicates Luther 1529 England accepts Henry VIII’s reformation 1534 Henry VIII is head of Church of England 1536 Calvin leads Reformation in Geneva

  3. Church in Crisis • Some church attempt to reform from within • Consiliar movement (take power from Pope and give it to a council) • defeated by Pope and special interest groups • failure to reform forces change to come from outside the church • church still has support of most leaders.

  4. Society before Luther • Spirituality in Catholic Church • Catholic church preaches that only through the church can salvation be obtained • priests are necessary to read and interpret Bible • priests are necessary to perform mandatory practices that enable salvation • confession, baptism, communion.

  5. Society before Luther • Spirituality outside Catholic Church • dissatisfaction with church leads to awakening of personal piety • focus on inner spirituality • God can be experienced directly • major threat to Church’s position • this makes all people equal in God’s eyes • women embrace this as it allows them to have much greater position than within Catholic church.

  6. Society before Luther • Spirituality outside Catholic Church • rise of millenialism • seeing the increasing revolts and social disturbances many felt they were living in the “final days” • this is an accepted but ignored Church belief • entanglement with social message to poor • emergence of notion of Anti-Christ from final days.

  7. Foundations for Luther • John Wycliffe (1320-1384) • English Theologian • main points • church does not control destiny of individuals • salvation only to faithful - it’s a free gift from God • rituals are not necessary • all are equal in God’s eyes, we are all God’s priests • translate Bible to vernancular • support of intellectuals and nobility • loses support during Peasant’s Revolt (1381).

  8. Foundations for Luther • Jan Hus (c. 1369-1415) • attacks sacramental system • preaches for Bohemian independence from Holy Roman Empire • this angers both secular and spiritual! • Supporters break from Roman Catholic Church and form national Bohemian church • captured and burned at the stake.

  9. Luther’s world mid-century

  10. Martin Luther(1483-1546) • Early life • sees self as reforming the Church • initial intent was to return Church to its roots • 1517 writes 95 Theses challenging the selling of indulgences • corrupt practice • theologically unsound since salvation cannot be gained by good works.

  11. Ulrich Zwingli(1484-1531) • Well known in Switzerland - especially for attacks on sale of indulgences • makes Zurich first Protestant stateoutside of Germany • simple theory - if the Old or New Testament did not say something explicitly and literally, then no Christian should believe or practice it • Zwingli challenges all Church practices - fasting during Lent • disagreement with Luther on nature of Christ.

  12. John Calvin(1509-1564) • Early history • lives in Geneva - head of new reformed Church • establishes church organization based on Bible • enforces strict moral code • establishes Geneva as centerof Protestant Europe • predestination.

  13. Social Revolution? • Many printing presses make dissemination possible • new faith results in boldness • nuns • young men and women • Protestantism seen as personal salvation and way to renew corrupt society and government • Katharine von Bora - former nun, marries Luther.

  14. Social Revolution? • 1550 majority in some German towns, Hungary, Bohemia, Sweden, parts of Switzerland and 1 million in France • religious and political movements of this time require support of princes • Luther gets support early • why?(beyond spiritual reasons) • Confiscate church lands • oppose Holy Roman Emperor • Germans can free themselves from Italian domination.

  15. Social Revolution? • Luther only attacks church, not secular authority • 1524 Peasant revolt in Germany trying to decrease taxes, Luther sides with…. Nobles.

  16. How Kings React • King Henry VIII • his six (!) wives • Pope delays annulment • divorced, beheaded, died/divorced, beheaded, survived • internal dissention eruptsover religion - Act ofSupremacy 1534.

  17. Spread of Protestantism

  18. Result of the Reformation

More Related