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Cold War Dynamics: Polarization, Economic Unity, and Social Change (Chapter 30.1)

Chapter 30.1 explores the geopolitical divide during the Cold War, highlighting the contrasting systems of the US and USSR from the 1950s to the 1970s. It discusses the formation of NATO and the Warsaw Pact, economic advancements in Western Europe, and the process of decolonization, stressing that political independence often failed to translate into economic autonomy. The chapter also addresses shifts in US domestic policies, changes in class structure, and the emergence of civil rights movements advocating for gender equality and youth respect, culminating in the economic challenges of the 1970s and easing US-USSR relations.

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Cold War Dynamics: Polarization, Economic Unity, and Social Change (Chapter 30.1)

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  1. Top Eleven Topics from Chapter 30

  2. 1. Most of the world divides up between the US (tend to be democracies) and the USSR (dictatorships)

  3. Warsaw Pact (Council for Mutual Economic Assistance – COMECON) 1955 NATO (North Atlantic Treaty Organization)1949

  4. U.S. Philosophy of Containment “Like apples in a barrel infected by disease, the corruption of Greece would infect Iran and all the east. . . likewise Africa. . . Italy. . . France. . . .Not since Rome and Carthage had there been such a polarization of power on this earth” -- U.S. Secretary of State Dean Acheson

  5. 2. Allies of the US do much better economically, esp. in the 1950s & 1960s

  6. 3. Western Europe takes major steps towards economic unity

  7. European Economic Community 1952 6 members 1973 9 members 1981 10 members 1986 12 members

  8. 4. Decolonization (politically, but not so much economically and culturally)

  9. 5. Domestic policies in the USSR fluctuate . . .

  10. Nikita Khrushchev (1953-64)

  11. Leonid Brezhnev (1964-1982)

  12. 6. . . .but the USSR retains tight control over its satellite states

  13. Czechoslovakia, 1948

  14. Hungary, 1956

  15. August 31, 1961

  16. Prague Spring, 1968Brezhnev Doctrine

  17. 7. Science oriented toward war and space (“Big Science”)

  18. 8. Class structure becomes less divided • Greater accessibility of college gives more people educational opportunities • Service industry greatly expanded (more white collar than blue collar) • Government programs redistributed wealth: welfare, pensions • Most people could afford appliances and cars • Most people could afford vacations

  19. 9. Women demand more rights, students demand respect • More women in the workforce, where they faced discrimination • Demanding equal pay, maternity leave, day care, right to divorce, legalized abortion, protection from and prosecution of rape • Students living a very different lifestyle (sex, drugs and rock n’ roll) but demanding respect as adults (there are a lot of people in the generation, it is the baby boom)

  20. 10. 1970s bring economic difficulties • US spent too much (Marshall Plan, welfare programs, Korean and Vietnam wars) • OPEC (Organization of Petroleum Exporting Countries) embargoed oil sales to the US when the US supported Israel in the Yom Kippur war of 1973 • Austerity measures

  21. 11. US – USSR relations ease a bitUS– Britain – Germany relations grow closer

  22. Detante

  23. Conservative Alliance: Thatcher, Reagan, Kohl

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