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Synthetic Biology for Synthetic Drugs and Fuels . Jay Keasling University of California, Berkeley Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory. Malaria. Chloroquine-based drugs. Source: Roll Back Malaria World Malaria Report 2005. Artemisinin the best anti-malarial drug. Current process.
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Synthetic Biologyfor Synthetic Drugs and Fuels Jay Keasling University of California, Berkeley Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory
Chloroquine-based drugs Source: Roll Back Malaria World Malaria Report 2005
Current process Purification Chemical Conversions Artemisinin Plant synthesis Artemether Arteether Artelinate Artesunate
Malaria Cases (millions) 247 in 2006 135 in 2020 GMAP target Artemisinin demand analysis Millions of treatments Total ACT Demand 350 300 250 200 150 ACTs delivered 100 ACTs delivered (actual) BCG Demand forecast scenarios 50 Demand forecasts from other groups 03 04 05 06 07 08 09 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 Source: Boston Consulting Group
Artemisinin price swings Artemisinin prices ($/kg) Food prices (indexed to Jan 2002) Commodity food prices Artemisinin prices Source: Boston Consulting Group
Demand Artemisinin supply Tonnes of Artemisinin 350 Historic production Stock from previous year 300 Minimum production floor Variable production 250 200 150 100 50 03 04 05 06 07 08 09 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 Source: Boston Consulting Group
Current process Purification Chemical Conversions Artemisinin Plant synthesis Artemether Arteether Artelinate Artesunate
Microbial process Purification Chemical Conversions Artemisinin Microbial synthesis Artemether Arteether Artelinate Artesunate
Research, Development & Delivery Amyris Biotechnologies Keasling Laboratory
Corn to Ethanol CO2 CO2
Corn to Ethanol CO2 CO2
Corn to Ethanol CO2 CO2
Corn is not an ideal energy crop • Water requirements • Fertilizer requirements • Bred to be a food crop
Biomass to Ethanol CO2 CO2
US annual biomass inventory 1.3 billion tons Wheat straw Corn stover 6.1% Soy 19.9% 6.2% Crop residues 7.6% Grains 5.2% Manure 4.1% Urban waste 2.9% Perennial crops 35.2% Forest 12.8% From: Billion ton Vision, DOE & USDA 2005
How much fuel can we produce from 1.3 billion tons of biomass? 2007 US Petroleum Consumption 7.6 7 6 2007 US Imports 5 Energy from burning biomass 4 4.4 Billion Barrels of Oil Equivalents 2007 US Domestic Production 3.5 Fuel yields from biomass using mid-term conversion technology 3 2.5 2 1.9 1 0
Biomass to Ethanol CO2 CO2
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