Jamestown James Towne: Money and Business

1. JamestownJames Towne:Money and Business APUSH 2011-12

2. 1497 – John Cabot explores the coast of New Foundland • Nothing resulted of this. • 1500’s – England is dominated by religious strife and naval power • Henry VIII abdicates • Raiding Spanish ships for gold and Silver • Defeat of Spanish Armada • 1587 – Roanoke, North Carolina, deserted.

3. England 1600’s • Under James I • Find Northwest Passage • Challenge other nations and their land grab • Convert Indians to Anglicans • Wanted to cash in on potential wealth overseas • Population is growing with poor and landless people

4. Set up Virginia Company • Joint stock company • Hopes of discovering gold • Raiding Spanish Ships • Growing some exotic crops

5. Jamestown • Depart December 1607 arrive April 1608 • 3 ships • 105 passengers (all men and boys) • Settled 40 miles up Chesapeake Bay • Deep water and good defenses

7. Problems • Natives – Algonquians, led by Powhatan • Over 14,000 • Disease • Starvation • 38 survived that first year • Winter of 1609-10 “starving time” • By 1610: 60 out of 500 colonists had survived • Powhatan sold Corn and other foods • English hated the corn but had to rely on it.

8. More colonists • Virginia Company keeps sending colonists • Mostly gentlemen, with few skills • John Smith says colonists only wanted to find gold not work or grow crops • http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=F6SrZ-6cGVA

9. England Takes Over • Indian uprisings • Lack of profit • Tobacco crops begin, major potential • 1624, England revokes charter and takes over colony.

10. Tobacco is king • Labor and land intensive • Began using the “poor and Landless” as indentured servants • Passage to Colony was 5 pounds (year’s wage) most couldn’t pay • Indentured for 4-7 years • Mostly men • Slavery not widespread until 1670’s,

11. Indentured Servants Often bought and sold Terms often extended Women couldn’t marry until time was over If pregnant during service they had to work 2 more years Very similar to slavery

12. Social system • The use of indentured servants created major inequality • Indentured servants that have served their time are now landless • Wealthy are getting wealthier • Things are becoming more polarized

13. Politics and slavery • House of Burgesses created 1619 • Officials are elected by citizens • 1670- H of B outlaws poor landless people from elections • 1670’s Governor Berkeley claims that the poor are in such bad shape that they can’t help defend and asks England to protect the wealthy. • Indian uprisings and divisions of wealth and poor lead to Bacon’s Rebellion 1676 • Wanted to eliminate Indians (scapegoat, really was unhappy with colony’s government) • Rebellion made divisions worse

14. slavery • Indentured Servitude is fazed out • By 1700 1 in 8 are slaves • Allowed the area to grow and prosper with the growth of Tobacco

15. Plymouth and New England: Families and Religion not money and wealth

16. Puritans and Pilgrims • Puritans = Purify the Church of England • Pilgrims = separate from the Church of England • 1608 moved to current day Netherlands to escape religious persecution of James I of England

17. Bon Voyage 1620 – Led by William Bradford Pilgrims sought permission to settle in the new colony operated by the Virginia Company and become indentured servants

18. After a stormy 65 day voyage the 100 passengers (all families) aboard the Mayflower landed over 300 miles north of their target of Virginia in Massachusetts in November, 1620.

19. Its legal if we say its legal right? Created and signed the Mayflower Compact: basically a legal document stating that creating a new colony was ok.

20. First winter was rough ½ the population died because of disease, cold, poor shelter and malnutrition

21. We will Survive Squanto and the Wampanoag Indians helped teach Pilgrims how to survive and farm. New group of Pilgrims arrived Nov. 1621

22. 1629 Mass. Bay Colony is created As a self governed colony, they elected John Winthrop as Governor Colony is becoming more and more populated

23. “City upon a Hill” • John Winthrop gives “City Upon a Hill” speech • Must hold up religious practices, not just preach them • Live according to God’s law • These ideas shaped New England and much of America

24. Population increases because of Puritan immigration • Known as the Great Migration • 20,000 new puritan emigrants • 1630-1640 – 20,000 new settlers arrive with the same goal • Most arrived as families • Understood hierarchy of families • Did not force servitude (slavery) • Settled in small towns centered around church and family

25. Puritanism • Followed Calvinism • Strict adherence to commandments • Believed in pre-destination • Only God knows who will go to heaven • One’s behavior on earth was a hint to their afterlife • Church members watched each other

26. Religion over Money • Worked to create a colony that embraced religion not money • Regulated wages and prices so not to loose sight of mission to God

27. Glorious Revolution 1685 • King James II attempted to strengthen royal authority in Colonies • Combined New Jersey, New England and New York colonies to make Super Colony • Imposed Anglican forms of worship on Puritan areas • Colonists rose up and rebelled against colonial governments

28. Recap • Jamestown • Money • Men • Indentured servants/slaves • Tobacco • Rebellion against the royal crown • New England • Religion • Families • Based on church • Set an example for rest of world • Rebellion against royal crown