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Anatomy & Physiology

Anatomy & Physiology. Overview. Anatomy-structure of body parts Size,weight,shape,etc Physiology- function of the body How does it work?. Types of Anatomy. Gross-structures visible to the naked eye Regional Systemic Surface Microscopic-not seen w/ the naked eye Cytology Histology

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Anatomy & Physiology

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  1. Anatomy & Physiology

  2. Overview • Anatomy-structure of body parts • Size,weight,shape,etc • Physiology- function of the body • How does it work?

  3. Types of Anatomy • Gross-structures visible to the naked eye • Regional • Systemic • Surface • Microscopic-not seen w/ the naked eye • Cytology • Histology • Developmental-occurs throughout the life span • Embryology

  4. Types of Physiology • Usually exam specific organ systems at the cellular level • Example: • Renal • Neurophysiology • cardiovascular

  5. Levels of Organization • Chemical (simplest) • Atoms-->molecules-->organelles • Cellular • Tissues • Organ • Organ System • Organism (most complex)

  6. Organ Systems • Integumentary • Muscular • Nervous • Cardiovascular • Respiratory • Lymphatic • Urinary • Endocrine • Skeletal • Digestive • Reproductive

  7. Maintaining Life Functions • Necessary Functions • Maintaining boundaries • Movement • Responsiveness/Irritability • Digestion • Metabolism • Reproduction • Growth

  8. Maintaining Life Functions • Survival Needs • Nutrients (food) • Oxygen • Water • Normal Body Temp. • Atmospheric Pressure

  9. Homeostasis • The ability to maintain a relatively stable internal conditions • All organ systems play a role • Endocrine and nervous are most important

  10. Maintaining Homeostasis Control Mechanisms • Variable-factor/event being regulated 3 Parts • Receptor • Control Center • Effector

  11. Control Mechanisms • Receptor-monitors the environment and responds to changes/stimuli by sending input • Control Center-determines the set point, and response to stimuli • Effector- responds to the control center, opposes or reinforces the stimulus

  12. Feedback Mechanisms • Negative • Most mechanisms • Shuts off or reduces the original stimulus • Prevents sudden severe changes in the body • Ex: • Regulation of body temp • Regulation of blood volume

  13. Feedback Mechanisms • Positive • Few mechanisms • Enhances the original stimulus • Ex: • Labor Contractions • Blood Clotting

  14. Homeostatic Imbalance • Causes most diseases • Control systems become less efficient as we age

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