outer ear

1. outer ear • anatomy • physiology • disorders

2. anatomy • pinna

3. anatomy • ear canal

4. anatomy • tympanic membrane

5. physiology • pinna • vertical localization • resonance

6. physiology • ear canal • pathway • protects TM • constant temp and humidity • resonator

7. physiology • tympanic membrane will be considered along with the section on the middle ear (chap 10)

8. disorders • atresia • collapsed ear canals • foreign bodies • external otitis • growths in ear canal • impacted cerumen • tympanic membrane perforations • tympanosclerosis

9. disorders • atresia • complete congenital closure of the ear canal • hearing loss: moderate flat conductive • treatment: surgery

10. disorders • typical atresia audiogram and photo

11. disorders • collapsed ear canals • artifact due to pressure of supraaural earphones on ear canals • false conductive loss

12. disorders • foreign bodies • any foreign object in ear canal • no hearing loss • treatment involves removing object

13. disorders • examples of foreign bodies

14. disorders • external otitis (otitis externa) • bacterial or fungal infection of the ear canal • no hearing loss • anti-biotics used for treatment

15. disorders • growths in ear canal • osteotomas and extoses • normally no treatment or hearing loss

16. disorders • impacted cerumen • slight to mild sloping hearing loss • physical removal

17. disorders • impacted cerumen

18. disorders • tympanic membrane perforations • causes vary • usually no hearing loss • may heal spontaneously or require myringoplasty

19. disorders • tympanosclerosis • ususally due to repeated scaring • no hearing loss to a mild rising loss • no known treatment

20. disorders • Most outer ear disorders have normal acoustic immittance results • The exceptions are ... • atresia • impacted cerumen • tympanic membrane perforations • tympanosclerosis

21. summary