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Unit 4 Empires & Global Trade

Unit 4 Empires & Global Trade. Major Empires and Nations of the Eastern Hemisphere in the early 1500s. Early American Civilizations. Location of the World’s Major Religions. Major Trade Routes and Trading Patterns.

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Unit 4 Empires & Global Trade

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  1. Unit 4 Empires & Global Trade

  2. Major Empires and Nations of the Eastern Hemisphere in the early 1500s

  3. Early American Civilizations

  4. Location of the World’s Major Religions

  5. Major Trade Routes and Trading Patterns

  6. By 1500 AD regional trade patterns had developed that linked Africa, the Middle East, Asia, and Europe • Trade allows for exchange of products and ideas—CULTURAL DIFFUSION!

  7. Products and ideas that were traded • Paper, compass, silk, porcelain (China) • Textiles, numeral system (India and Middle East) • Scientific transfer—Theories and discoveries in medicine, astronomy, mathematics

  8. Why were regional trading patterns important around 1500 AD? • The exchange of products and ideas • Also known as CULTURAL DIFFUSION

  9. What technological and scientific advancements were exchanged by around 1500 AD? • Paper, compass, silk, porcelain (China) • Textiles (India) • Numeral system, astronomy, mathematics, medicine (Middle East)

  10. What products were traded on the Silk Roads? • Paper, compass, silk, porcelain

  11. What products were traded on Trans-Saharan routes? • Gold and salt

  12. What products were traded on South China Sea routes? • Spices

  13. What products were traded on Indian Ocean routes? • Spices and textiles

  14. What products were traded on European routes? • Products and ideas from Asia

  15. Ottoman Empire • Existed in Asia Minor—modern day Turkey • Emerged as a political and economic power after conquest of Constantinople (capital of Byzantine Empire) by the Seljuk Turks who were overtaken by the Ottoman Turks in 1453

  16. Ottoman Empire • Ottomans adopt Islam and transform capital and rename it Istanbul • Empire lasts until 1919—but reduced to size of modern Turkey • Covered Middle East, E. Europe, N. Africa

  17. Mughal Empire (NOT Mongol) • Created by descendants of the Mongols • Established empire in N. India 1526-1858 • Since founder was a descendant of a Muslim-Islam spread into India

  18. Mughal Empire • Emphasis on cultural achievements • Example: Taj Mahal—Muslim architecture-tomb for ruler and wife • India opens to Europeans during age of exploration • British est. East India Co.

  19. China and Japan • Age of Exploration—China and Japan wanted to limit the influences of European merchants

  20. Japan • Gov’t in 1500’s was called Shogunate • Similar to European feudalism • Emperor performed religious duties while Shogun (military leader) held most control

  21. Japan • At first—Japanese warriors welcomed Europeans for the weapons • Europeans started to bring Christianity—Japanese feared this • Adopt isolationist policy—no one left Japan and they wanted no contact with Europeans)

  22. Japan • Until Meiji Restoration—reformed and modernized the gov’t—away with the Shogun • Dutch were the only Europeans allowed—only wanted trade

  23. China • Opened up to foreigners with resistance • Had no desire to deal with Europeans—but Europeans will smuggle drugs like opium in and through wars they earned more trading privileges

  24. China • Not strong enough for isolation—establish foreign enclaves (foreign territory surrounded by a specified country for purpose of trade)

  25. Africa • Songhai—Atlantic Coast—1493-1528-Islamic empire due to gold trade • European explorers establish trading posts along Atlantic coast—became dependant on trade esp. slaves and resources which were exploited in Africa

  26. Africa • Indian Ocean Coast—wealthy due to trade with Arab world • Allowed for introduction of Islam and creation of Swahili—a common trading language which is a mix of African and Arabic JAMBO!!

  27. Commercial Revolution • Change to modern business methods • Money + coins • Banks= government chartered banks

  28. Commercial Revolution • Due to trade routes • Silk Road • Trans-Saharan

  29. Commercial Revolution • Chinese/Muslims influenced math, science and astronomy which were really helpful during exploration • More cultural diffusion and the need to change to modern business methods

  30. Commercial Revolution • Competition for overseas markets, colonies, and resources created new economic practices • Commercial Revolution and mercantilism helped to build strong, wealthy nations which enabled them to industrialize and build colonial empires

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