Understanding Progeria and its Impact on Genetics

1. Do Now: What is this a picture of?

2. Do Now: • Brad Pitt's role in "The Curious Case of Benjamin Button" was based on a real life medical condition. Progeria, also known as Hutchinson-Gilford Progeria syndrome, it is a disease that accelerates the aging process when a child is 18 to 24 months old. • As the child grows, some symptoms include hair loss, a small face, thin skin, loss of body fat, and a short stature. • Children with progeria age six to eight times faster than the average person, and rarely live past the age of 13, due to heart disease. • Only about 100 cases of progeria have ever been formally diagnosed in medical history.  The odds of being diagnosed are roughly one in 8 million.

3. Homework • Read pages 319 - 321 • Make sure you know these terms • Incomplete Dominance • Co-dominance • Multiple Alleles • Polygenic traits

4. Review /New Material • Inbreeding: • The continuous breeding of an individual with similar characteristics. • What is the danger? • Too close to one another genetically so both the good genes and the bad can remain, and be expressed. Much like the Amish where after a few generations there is very little variation.

5. Review /New Material • Much like the Amish where after a few generations there is very little variation. • Genetic drift

6. Review • Genotype – the genetic makeup of a gene (TT, Tt, tt) • Homozygous –Same type of alleles (Tall – Tall= TT) or (short- short=tt) • Heterozygous – both different (Tall-short = Tt).

7. New material • Mendel Realized that he predicted how plants would turn out through the use of “Probability.” Not always 100% certain, it was fairly accurate for guessing the outcomes (not taking into account mutations (Progeria for example) or outside forces (rain, fire,….)

8. New material • Monohybrid vs. Dihybrid • Below is monohybrid – why? • Only one trait - Tall

9. New material • Only one trait – Height (Tt X Tt (or tt X Tt)) • Work it out

10. Review • Mendel used the Law of Segregation to predict outcomes. • For example parents with the traits of T= Tall, t= Short, so if two parents had kids we would expect that of there is a 25% chance of having a short child. Often predicted that 1 and 4 chance of having a short child, but is that true? Explain

11. Phenotype vs. Genotype • Phenotype – Physical Trait (Tall) • Genotype – genetic make up (TT or Tt) • Punnet Squares – mathematical formula to determine outcomes. 4 Box vs. 16 Boxes

12. Dihybrid Di-hybrid – deals with two traits. (p. 316) – each box will have 4 alleles = BbTt X BbTt. B- Brown Hair, b – Red Hair, T – Tall, t – Short

13. Dihybrid Do the following - BbTt X BbTt. B- Brown Hair, b – Red Hair, T – Tall, t – Short • BT bTBtbt • BT • bT • Bt • bt

14. Ratios • How many Brown Hair and Tall will you have? • How many Brown Hair & short • How many Red Hair & Tall • How many Red Hair & short

15. Do the following Create the genotype formula for Hitler’s Master Race How did he get to this?

16. Do the following Do the following - BbGgX BbGg. B- Brown Hair, b – blonde hair, G – green eyes, g – blue eyes

17. Do the following Do the following - BbGgX BbGg. B- Brown Hair, b – blonde hair, G – green eyes, g – blue eyes BG bGBgbg BG bG Bb Bg bg BBGG BbGGBBGgBbGg

18. Do the following Do the following - BbGgX BbGg. B- Brown Hair, b – blonde hair, G – green eyes, g – blue eyes BG bGBgbg BG bG Bb Bg bg

19. Review From the previous is how you would get to the traits necessary to develop the “Master Race” – bbgg (blonde hair & blue eyes.

20. Review To do a Punnett Square – Mom’s traits (Tt) & dad’s traits (tt). Can only do one trait at a time. In this case mom is tall and dad is short.