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Exploring Cell Theory and Organelles - The Building Blocks of Life

Learn about Cell Theory and Cell Organelles, including the functions and structures of key components such as the Cell Membrane, Nucleus, Mitochondria, and more in this informative guide.

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Exploring Cell Theory and Organelles - The Building Blocks of Life

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  1. Cells

  2. Cell Theory • All living things are made up of one or more cells and their products • The cell is the simplest unit that can carry out all life processes • All cells come from pre-existing cells

  3. Eukaryotic vs Prokaryotic • Karyo = nucleus (from the greek word for kernel) • Prokaryotic = before the nucleus • Eukaryotic = true nucleus

  4. Cell Organelles What you need to know

  5. An organelle is a membrane-bound structure that carries out specific activities for the cell.

  6. You will need to know the following cell components and their function: • Cell Membrane • Nucleus • Cytoplasm • Mitochondria • Golgi Complex • Ribosomes • Smooth Endoplasmic Reticulum • Rough Endoplasmic Reticulum • Cell Wall • Chloroplast • Central Vacuole • Lysosome

  7. Cell Membrane • Every cell is enclosed by a cell membrane. It controls the passage of materials in and out of the cell.

  8. Cell Membrane – A closer look

  9. Nucleus • The control center of the cell. It contains the DNA code for the cell coiled into chromosomes. • Only found in eukaryotes

  10. Cytoplasm • All organelles reside (live and float around in) the cytoplasm. • Mostly water, but also has many other compounds necessary for the cell.

  11. Mitochondria • This organelle processes energy for a cell. It makes ATP. • (ATP = energy) • Involved in cellular respiration. • Only found in eukaryotes

  12. Golgi Apparatus • The protein packaging and transport center of the cell. • Has incoming and outgoing vesicles. • Euk. only.

  13. Ribosomes • Synthesizes proteins. • Found in the cytoplasm. • Found with Rough ER. • No membrane present.

  14. Rough Endoplasmic Reticulum • Covered with ribosomes. • Produces proteins. • Transports materials throughout the cell.

  15. Smooth Endoplasmic Reticulum • Transports materials throughout the cell. • Synthesizes lipids. (fats and steroids)

  16. Lysosome • Breaks down materials for digestion. • Contains special enzymes for digestion in the cell.

  17. Cell Wall (Plant Cell Only) • Rigid and strong wall made of cellulose (which cannot be digested by humans) • Protects and maintains the shape of the cell.

  18. Chloroplast(Plant Cell Only) • Contains chlorophyll, a green pigment • Uses light energy to make ATP & sugars. (photosynthesis)

  19. Central Vacuole(Plant Cell Only) • Most plant cells have one large one. • Filled w/ fluid. • Helps maintain turgor pressure and shape of cell.

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