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Module 24 Encoding: Getting Information In. Encoding. Effortful. Automatic. Encoding: Getting Information In. Encoding. Automatic Processing unconscious encoding of incidental information space time frequency well-learned information word meanings we can learn automatic processing
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Module 24 Encoding: Getting Information In
Encoding Effortful Automatic Encoding: Getting Information In
Encoding • Automatic Processing • unconscious encoding of incidental information • space • time • frequency • well-learned information • word meanings • we can learn automatic processing • reading backwards
Encoding • Effortful Processing • requires attention and conscious effort • Rehearsal • conscious repetition of information • to maintain it in consciousness • to encode it for storage
Activity - Song The gifts are repeated, those at the beginning are repeated more often. The first gift is repeated 12 times. Encoding
Encoding • Ebbinghaus used nonsense syllables • TUV ZOF GEK WAV • the more times practiced on Day 1, the fewer repetitions to relearn on Day 2 • Spacing Effect • distributed practice yields better long- term retention than massed practice
Ebbinghaus forgetting curve Method: Ebbinghaus taught himself nonsense syllables until he could recall perfectly. Then tested himself at various intervals to determine how much he forgot. %savings What is the point? Cramming is a bad idea
Time in minutes taken to relearn list on day 2 20 15 10 5 0 8 16 24 32 42 53 64 Number of repetitions of list on day 1 Encoding
Encoding: SPEffect Activity – U.S. Presidents Star Spangled Banner
You will see a list of words displayed one at a time. After you see the last word, you will be asked to write down as many of the words as you can recall. You do not have to write down the words in the order you saw them.
First words PLANT SEA WOODS ARM BABY FUR BLOOD Middle words CHAIR QUEEN BAR TOWN COAST SUGAR MARKET Last words GRASS GIRL SKY WOMAN FENCE WALLET PANTRY LIST 1: STANDARD PROCEDURE
You will see another list of words displayed one at a time. After you see the last word, you see instructions to count backwards out loud by 3s from 999. You will then be asked to write down as many of the words as you can recall. You do not have to write down the words in the order you saw them.
