1 / 22

America and World War II

America and World War II. 1929-1945. Foreign Policy Leading up to WWII. Washington Conference (1921-1922) 8 great powers Set limits on armaments Reaffirmed Open Door Policy Kellogg-Briand Pact (1928) Pledge not to use military force The League of Nations

Download Presentation

America and World War II

An Image/Link below is provided (as is) to download presentation Download Policy: Content on the Website is provided to you AS IS for your information and personal use and may not be sold / licensed / shared on other websites without getting consent from its author. Content is provided to you AS IS for your information and personal use only. Download presentation by click this link. While downloading, if for some reason you are not able to download a presentation, the publisher may have deleted the file from their server. During download, if you can't get a presentation, the file might be deleted by the publisher.

E N D

Presentation Transcript


  1. America and World War II 1929-1945

  2. Foreign Policy Leading up to WWII • Washington Conference (1921-1922) • 8 great powers • Set limits on armaments • Reaffirmed Open Door Policy • Kellogg-Briand Pact (1928) • Pledge not to use military force • The League of Nations • Met continuously in Geneva, Switzerland to ensure peace • The Treaty of Versailles • 1933: few believed it would hold up with rise of dictatorships in Japan, Germany, and Italy

  3. Hoover’s Foreign Policy • Isolationism • Viewed peace conferences and treaties as moral efforts • Opposed using economic sanctions against aggressors

  4. Japanese Aggression in Manchuria • Japan defied the League of Nations and the Open Door policy by invading China in 1931 • Established a puppet government in Manchuria • League of Nations only passed a resolution condemning Japan’s actions

  5. Stimson Doctrine • U.S. response stronger than the League’s response • Secretary of State Stimson stated that the U.S. would honor the Nine-Power Treaty (1922) and refused to recognize the Chinese government in Manchuria • League of Nations endorsed the Doctrine

  6. Latin America • 1929: Hoover went on a goodwill tour of the region • Ended interventionist policies of Taft and Wilson • Arranged for U.S. troops to leave Nicaragua in 1933 • Negotiated a treaty with Haiti to remove all U.S. troops by 1934

  7. Franklin Roosevelt’s Policies, 1933-1938 The Great Depression resulted in mostly isolationism during his 1st term.

  8. Good-Neighbor Policy • 1933: Roosevelt promised a “policy of the good neighbor” toward other nations of the Western Hemisphere • Sought Latin America’s cooperation in defending the region from potential danger of Germany and Italy • Pan-American Conferences • Cuba: Congress nullified the Platt Amendment and only retained Guantanamo Bay • Mexico seized oil properties held by U.S. companies and Roosevelt did not intervene; only helped to negotiate settlements

  9. Economic Diplomacy • London Economic Conference (1933) • Roosevelt withdrew support after proposals were made to stabilize currencies • Recognition of the Soviet Union • Wanted to increase trade and boost economy • Philippines • Tydings-McDuffie Act (1934) • Gradual removal of U.S. • Complete independence by 1946 • Reciprocal Trade Agreements • Lowered tariffs • President given power to reduce tariffs by 50% for nations that reciprocated

  10. Events Abroad • Fascism and Aggressive Militarism • Italy • Germany • Japan

  11. American Isolationists • U.S. was nationalistic, but expressed itself differently than the fascists and militarists • Revisionist History of WWI • 1930’s belief that the U.S. entry into WWI had been a mistake • Neutrality Acts • 1935: authorized the president to prohibit all arms shipments and forbade U.S. citizens to travel on ships of belligerent nations • 1936: forbade loans to belligerents • Forbade shipment of arms to opposing sides in the civil war in Spain • America First Committee • 1940: Isolationists worried about FDR’s pro-British policies • Speakers like Charles Lindbergh traveled country warning about the dangers of joining the war

  12. Prelude to War • Appeasement • Ethiopia, 1935 • Rhineland, 1936 • China, 1937 • Sudetenland, 1938 • U.S. Response • Roosevelt’s Quarantine Speech • FDR dropped ideas due to isolationist opposition • Preparedness • Arms Build-Up

  13. From Neutrality to War, 1939-1941 • Invasion of Poland • Blitzkrieg • Changing U.S. Policy • “Cash and Carry” • Selective Service Act (1940) • Destroyers-for-bases Deal

  14. The Election of 1940 • Wendell Willkie (R) • Results • FDR won for 3rd time with 54% of popular vote • Why did he win? • Strong economic recovers due to arms buildup • Fear of war by voters, so stuck with experience leader

  15. Arsenal of Democracy • FDR’s Four Freedoms Speech • Committed to • Freedom of speech • Freedom of religion • Freedom from want • Freedom from fear • Lend-Lease Act • Atlantic Charter • Affirmed peace objectives at end of war • Self-determination • No territorial expansion • Free trade • Shoot-on-Sight

  16. Disputes with Japan • U.S. Economic Action • Froze Japanese assets in U.S. • Cut off access to U.S. materials, including oil • Negotiations • Pearl Harbor • Partial Surprise • Declaration of War

  17. The Home Front • Industrial Production • War Production Board • Office of War Mobilization • Wages, prices, and rationing • Office of Price Administration • Unions • Financing the War • Increased income tax • War Bonds

  18. Impact on Society • African Americans • Double “V” Slogan • NAACP membership increased • Congress of Racial Equality (CORE) created • Mexican Americans • Braceros allowed to enter work force • Zoot Suit Riots broke out in LA • Native Americans • Japanese Americans • Executive Order 9066 • Korematsu v. U.S. (1944) • Women • Propaganda • Office of War Information

  19. Fighting Germany • Defense at sea, attacks by air • From North Africa to Italy • From D day to victory in Europe • German surrender and discovery of the Holocaust

  20. Fighting Japan • Turning point, 1942 • Battle of Midway • Island-hopping • Major battles • Battle of Leyte Gulf: re-occupation of the Philippines • Battle of Okinawa • Atomic bombs • Manhattan Project/Alamogordo, NM • Hiroshima and Nagasaki • Japan surrenders

  21. Wartime Conferences • The Big Three (U.S., Soviet Union, and Great Britain) • Tehran • Brits and Americans would begin drive to liberate France • Yalta • Divide Germany into 4 zones • Soviets to enter war against Japan • United Nations would be formed • Death of FDR • April 12, 1945 • Potsdam • Agreed to issue a warning to Japan to surrender unconditionally • Hold war-crime trials of Nazi leaders

  22. The War’s Legacy • Costs • 300,000 Americans died and 800,000 wounded • $320 billion • Federal spending had increased 1000% between 1939-1945 • National debt: $250 billion (5x what it had been in 1941) • The United Nations • Expectations • The Cold War Begins

More Related