FDR &THE NEW DEAL

1. FDR &THE NEW DEAL

2. THE NEW DEAL IN DISARRAY

3. THE COURT FIGHT AND THE “PURGE”

4. 1937 “Court-packing” scheme • reflected his desire to make the Supreme Court more sympathetic to New Deal programs • final outcome : • Supreme Court stopped overturning New Deal legislation • but the New Deal coalition splintered • Congress grew more conservative

5. RETRENCHMENT AND RECESSION

6. Recession of 1937 • Called the “Roosevelt Recession” by critics of the New Deal • Result: • Roosevelt adopted Keynesian economics • John M. Keynes • use of deficit spending to stimulate the recovery of the economy

7. LIMITS AND LEGACIESOF THE NEW DEAL

8. THE IDEA OF THE “BROKER STATE”

9. “broker state” • based on the idea that the federal government should intervene in the battle between interest groups , helping some and limiting others, to keep them equal in power

10. Where Historians Disagree

11. Positive Interpretations of the New Deal • reformed capitalism , finally offering protection to the disadvantaged • completed the process of progressive reform and then moved in the direction of modern liberalism • accomplished as much as it could against the conservative forces of the time.

12. Negative Interpretations of the New Deal • represented a radical departure from progressive traditions, one that actually alarmed old progressives • lacked a central , guiding philosophy that would have greatly improved its record • missed many opportunities to help those groups that were most in need of assistance

13. AFRICAN AMERICANSAND THE NEW DEAL

14. AFRICAN AMERICANS AND THE NEW DEAL • became strong supporters of the Democratic Party • included as recipients of the New Deal relief agencies

15. THE NEW DEAL AND THE “INDIAN PROBLEM”

16. The Indian Reorganization Act of 1934 • reverse the forced assimilation of Native Americans into white society • changed government policy toward Native Americans • returned political authority to the tribes • allowing them to own land collectively • Reversed Dawes Act (assimilation emphasis)

17. WOMEN AND THE NEW DEAL

18. Women and the New Deal • the New Deal accepted the prevailing cultural norm of women as secondary to the male in the workplace • One of the problems with the New Deal work relief system was that females received more cash assistance but less work relief than men

19. THE NEW DEAL AND THE WEST

20. THE NEW DEAL AND THE WEST • The Western United States • Received more federal funds per capita than any other region during the New Deal era

21. THE NEW DEAL AND THE NATIONAL ECONOMY

22. Lasting effects of the New Deal • created the rudiments of the American welfare state • Stabilized the stock market and banking system • Established a power base for various disadvantaged groups to challenge the dominance of corporations

23. long-lasting effect of the New Deal on American politics • the increasing power of the president lessened the power of congress

24. New Deal programs • the national debt doubled • Many economists believe the New Deal could have cured the Depression by greater deficit spending • Did NOT create the biggest federal deficits in American history • did NOT end the Depression

25. Anti-trust activities of the Roosevelt Administration • NIRA intended to cure deflation through monopolistic ( cooperative v. competitive ) price & wage setting practices • FDR relaxed anti-trust provisions for this purpose • FDR believed that the federal government should try to regulate, not destroy monopolies

26. FINAL EXAM : • Presidents Test on FINAL EXAM day • Washington to FDR • Names • Dates – Presidential Terms • Political party • TAKE-HOME Presidents Test due on FINAL EXAM day • LIST : important domestic & foreign events that occurred during presidencies of TR - FDR (consult AP review book)