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Basal Eudicots: Ranunculales and Proteales

Basal Eudicots: Ranunculales and Proteales. Spring 2011. Figure 9.1 from the text. Eudicots (tricolpates). Monophyletic: tricolpate pollen, slender filaments in stamens*, and loss of ethereal oils Ca. 125 million years old as a lineage

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Basal Eudicots: Ranunculales and Proteales

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  1. Basal Eudicots:Ranunculales and Proteales Spring 2011

  2. Figure 9.1 from the text

  3. Eudicots (tricolpates) • Monophyletic: tricolpate pollen, slender filaments in stamens*, and loss of ethereal oils • Ca. 125 million years old as a lineage • Ca. 75% of angiosperm diversity (at least 160,000 species) • Flower parts in whorls, with whorls alternating* *also happened in monocots

  4. Figure 9.3 from the text Tricolpate relationships

  5. Basal and lower core eudicots Basal tricolpates Order Ranunculales Ranunculaceae – Buttercups Papaveraceae - Poppies Order Proteales Platanaceae - Sycamore Order Caryophyllales Caryophyllaceae - Carnations Amaranthaceae - Amaranths “Portulacaceae” - Purslanes Cactaceae - Cacti Polygonaceae - Knotweeds Order Saxifragales Crassulaceae Saxifragaceae Hamamelidaceae

  6. Basal Eudicots:Ranunculales: Ranunculaceae(The Buttercup Family) • Widespread, but predominantly of temperate and boreal regions • Herbs or less often shrubs or vines • Diversity: 2,000 in 47 genera • Flowers: receptacle short to elongated; tepals 4 to many; stamens numerous; 5+ free carpels; fruit usually an aggregate of follicles or achenes • Significant features: wide range of floral diversity and pollination syndromes, toothed or lobed leaves • Special uses: primarily ornamentals • Required taxa: Ranunculus, Aquilegia

  7. Ranunculaceae flower structure

  8. Ranunculaceae – Ranunculus -cauline leaves alternate -flowers usually yellow (rarely white) -petals (3-) 5 or more -petals flat or concave, often with a nectar- producing spot or pit at the base -fruit an aggregate of achenes Buttercups

  9. Ranunculaceae – Aquilegia Columbines -herbs with 2-3- ternately compound leaves -sepals 5, colored like the petals -petals 5, all alike, each with a nectar spur -fruit an aggregate of follicles -hummingbird, bee and hawkmoth pollination

  10. Basal Eudicots:Ranunculales: Berberidaceae (The Barberry Family) • Widespread, in temperate regions of Northern Hemisphere & the Andes in South America • Shrubs or herbs • Diversity: 670 species in 15 genera • Flowers: petals & sepals (4-) 6; stamens 4-6 (to numerous); unicarpellate, superior ovary; fruit a berry, seeds often arillate • Significant features: Yellow wood (!). • Special uses: primarily ornamentals • Family not required; for information only

  11. BerberidaceaePodophyllum peltatum

  12. Basal Eudicots:Ranunculales: Papaveraceae (The Poppy Family) • Widely distributed in temperate regions; N. Hemisphere, South Africa. • Herbs or soft wooded shrubs. • Diversity: 770 species in 40 genera. • Flowers: Sepals 2 (-3) & quickly deciduous; petals 4 (6); carpels 2+, connate, superior ovary; fruit a capsule (poricidal or slits) • Significant features: Leaves often highly dissected or lobed; latex/laticifers present; most taxa are poisonous • Special uses: poppy (Papaver somniferum) source of opiate alkaloids, ornamentals • Required taxa: Papaver (poppy)

  13. Papaveraceae - Papaver -herbs with white latex -flower buds nodding -sepals 2, petals 4 -stigmas forming a flat, 4-20-rayed crown -capsule with poricidal dehiscence

  14. Basal Eudicots:Proteales: Platanaceae (The Sycamore Family) • Tropical to temperate regions, N. America, S. Europe, SW & SE Asia • Trees • Diversity: 7 species in 1 genus • Flowers: densely arranged in a raceme of globose heads; flowers small, unisexual, inconspicuous, wind-pollinated; fruits are achenes associated with hairs in dense, globose clusters • Significant features: characteristic bark; leaves usually with palmate venation; axillary buds covered by an enlarged petiole base • Special uses: ornamental trees, lumber • Required taxa: Platanus (sycamore/plane tree)

  15. Platanaceae – Platanus occidentalis

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