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Martin Luther: The Reformation Pioneer

Learn about Martin Luther's pivotal role in the Reformation, from questioning Church practices to reforming its teachings and forming a new church. Discover how his criticisms sparked widespread revolt and changed the landscape of religion in Germany.

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Martin Luther: The Reformation Pioneer

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  1. The Reformation E.Q. 2: Who was Martin Luther and what role did he play in the Reformation? Martin Luther and the Beginning of the Reformation

  2. Why did Luther question Church practices? • Troubled by the idea that salvation was attainable through “good works” • Interpreted St. Paul to mean that path to salvation was by faith alone (justification by faith) • Believed forgiveness of sins could come only from God’s mercy • Angered by Tetzel’s sale of indulgences

  3. What was his early life like? • Son of middle-class German parents • Studied law at first • Near disaster (almost hit by lightning) caused him to become a Catholic monk

  4. How did his criticisms expand into an effort to form a new church? • Wrote 95 Theses to start debate on Church abuses • Published books and pamphlets questioning Church’s teachings • Ideas for reform led to a new church: • Congregations choose their own ministers • Worship of saints and holy days considered sinful • Services in German rather than Latin • Clergy allowed to marry • Simplified services • Respect for all vocations * 7. Salvation byfaith alone

  5. Why did his reforms create widespread revolt in Germany? • Peasants, believing “everyone was equal under God”, revolted against their lords: Peasant Rebellion • German princes, who resented being controlled by pope, seized Church lands • Peace of Augsburg forced many to move in order to worship freely

  6. Vocabulary Terms (E.Q.2) • Martin Luther = German monk who broke with the Catholic Church in 1520 and began the Reformation • Pope Leo X = Pope at time of Reformation; excommunicates Luther in 1521 (Diet of Worms-Trial, Edict of Worms is the Excommunication) • Johan Tetzel = monk who ruthlessly sells indulgences in Saxony, thus angering Luther • Charles V = Holy Roman Emperor during Luther’s time; strongly Catholic, he tries to get Luther to stop criticizing the Church

  7. Vocabulary • The Ninety-Five Theses = Luther’s list of complaints about the Church’s abuses; posted on church door of Wittenberg, 1521 • The Peasants’ Rebellion = 1524 uprising where peasants misunderstood Luther’s call for religious equality to mean social equality. Led to death of thousands. • Diet of Worms = trial held in Worms for Luther to recant his actions; Luther refuses and is excommunicated

  8. Vocabulary • Edict of Worms = Luther to be excommunicated • Peace of Augsburg, 1555 = allowed all German princes to choose the religion for their principality • Justification by Faith = Luther’s theory that one attains salvation through faith alone (implies that the Church or good works cannot earn one salvation)

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