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Activity & reactivity

Activity & reactivity. Activity. Reactivity. 2.Result. 1.Stimulus. 2.Reaction. 1.Action. 1. 1. 2. “ Mechanical ” determination - Reactivity “ Teleological ” determination - Activity M. Bunge. Time Paradox.

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Activity & reactivity

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  1. Activity &reactivity

  2. Activity Reactivity 2.Result 1.Stimulus 2.Reaction 1.Action 1 1 2

  3. “Mechanical” determination - Reactivity “Teleological” determination - Activity M. Bunge

  4. Time Paradox

  5. Anticipatory Systems:ReinventionRobert Rosen [http://www.anticipation.info/] • Without exception (in my experience), all models and theories of biological systems are reactive • An anticipatory system is a system whose current state is determined by a future state. “The cause lies in the future” • An anticipatory system is a system containing a predictive model of itself and/or of its environment that allows it to change state at an instant in accord with the model’s predictions pertaining to a later instant • The “reactive paradigm”, as we may call it, was grossly deficient in dealing with systems of this kind • Any system behavior can be simulated by a purely reactive system. We can only speak of simulation, and not of explanation, of our system’s behavior in these terms • The reason that the Copernican scheme was considered superior to the Ptolemaic lies not in the existence of trajectories which cannot be represented by the epicycles, but arises entirely from considerations of parsimony, as embodied for instance in Occam’s Razor

  6. DYNAMIC PREDICTIONS:OSCILLATIONS AND SYNCHRONY INTOP–DOWN PROCESSINGA. K. Engel, P. Fries, W. SingerNATURE REVIEWS NEUROSCIENCE, 2001, V.2. Many aspects of cognition andbehaviour are not stimulus driven in a reflex-like manner,but are to a large degree based on expectations. This anticipatory nature of neural activity patterns isattracting increasing interest in systems neuroscience.

  7. Cartesian paradigm“nobody espouses but almost everybody tends to think in terms of”[D. Dennett 1993, pg. 144]

  8. Eclectism “Phylogenetic”eclecticism “Ontogenetic” eclecticism “Level”eclecticism “Anatomical” eclecticism • eclecticism [from Gr. eklektikos=to choose], the selection of elements from different systems of thought, without regard to possible contradictions between the systems

  9. “Phylogenetic” and “Ontogenetic” eclecticism Unlikeprimitive organisms, humans are active, rather than reactive, beings. E. Goldberg. The executive brain. Frontal lobes and the civilized mind. Oxfrod Univ. Press. 2001, p.124 Through evolution and during the course of ontogeny, there is transition from reflexive, involuntary behaviors to voluntary and purposeful behaviors… Carolyn A Ristau. In: Evolution of social behavior and integrative levels, 1988.

  10. Eclectism “Phylogenetic”eclecticism “Ontogenetic” eclecticism “Level”eclecticism “Anatomical” eclecticism • eclecticism [from Gr. eklektikos=to choose], the selection of elements from different systems of thought, without regard to possible contradictions between the systems

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