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GBM 的治療

GBM 的治療. 奇美醫院神經外科 王哲川醫師. WHO classification of astrocytoma. Prognotic grade on the basis of pathological features Gr. I Pilocystic astrocytoma Gr. II Diffuse astrocytoma Gr. III Anaplastic astrocytoma - Increased cellularity, nuclear atypia and mitotic activity

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GBM 的治療

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  1. GBM的治療 奇美醫院神經外科 王哲川醫師

  2. WHO classification of astrocytoma • Prognotic grade on the basis of pathological features • Gr. I Pilocystic astrocytoma • Gr. II Diffuse astrocytoma • Gr. III Anaplastic astrocytoma - Increased cellularity, nuclear atypia and mitotic activity • Gr. IV Glioblastoma multiforme - Microvascular endothelial proliferation, pseudopalisading necrosis or both - Gliosarcoma - Giant-cell glioblastoma - Small-cell glioblastoma (EGFR amplification) - Glioblastoma with oligodendroglial features

  3. GBM盛行率

  4. Glioblastoma epidemiology CBTRUS. Statistical Report: Primary brain tumors in the United States, 2000–2004. http://www.cbtrus.org/reports//2007–2008/2007report.pdf

  5. 台灣GBM有多少人

  6. 200 例/年 台大曾漢民醫師指出

  7. GBM存活率

  8. 平均小於12個月. • 就算全部切除加上CCRT => 5年存活率約5%

  9. 治療方法

  10. Treatment-Overview Malignant gliomas in adults N Engl J Med. 2008 Jul 31;359(5):492-507

  11. Mean survival time by EOR in all high-grade glioma studies Glioma; extent of resection and its impact on patients’ outcome Neurosurgery. 2008 Apr;62(4):753-64

  12. Intraoperative imaging: navigation, 5-ALA fluorescence guided surgery, intraoperative MRI

  13. TomoTherapy HIART System

  14. Varian RapidArc

  15. Elekta VMAT

  16. Cyberknife

  17. X-knife radiosurgery

  18. Proton therapy

  19. 藥物治療

  20. Temozolomide : • Temodal (MSD) • Tamos (Lotus) • Temozo (TTY) • Avastin • Wafer

  21. Temozolomied 健保給付標準 • 經手術或放射線治療後復發之下列病人: (1)退行性星狀細胞瘤(AA- anaplastic astrocytoma) (2)多形神經膠母細胞瘤(GBM -Glioblastoma multiforme) (3)退行性寡樹突膠質細胞瘤(anaplastic oligodendroglioma) (98/9/1) • 新診斷的多形神經膠母細胞瘤,與放射線治療同步進行,然後作為輔助性治療。(97/1/1) • 需經事前審查核准後使用 • 若用於退行性寡樹突膠質細胞瘤,每日最大劑量200mg/m2。每次申請事前審查之療程以三個月為限,再次申請時需附上治療後相關臨床評估資料並檢附MRI或CT檢查,若復發之惡性膠質細胞瘤有惡化之證據,則必須停止使用。(98/9/1)

  22. TMZ: MGMT Methylation Status on Survival Effect of MGMT Promoter Methylation Status on Survival Following Treatment With TMZ + RT Hegi ME, et al. N Engl J Med. 2005;352:997-1003.

  23. Temozolomide 使用劑量 • CCRT : 75mg/m2/day (CCRT期間每天服用,RT每週五天,沒做RT的日子繼續服用,約6周 • 150-200mg/m2/day : 每28天吃五天

  24. Temozolomide 副作用 • Temodal : 骨髓抑制、腸胃不適(尤其是噁心和嘔吐,為自限性)、頭痛、疲倦,其他有發燒、無力、便秘、腹瀉和嗜睡等等

  25. Avastin • 健保局自 101 年 5 月 1 日起 , 將標靶藥物 bevacizumab (Avastin)用於治療 「 曾接受標準放射線治療且含temozolomide 在內之化學藥物治療失敗之多型性神經膠母細胞瘤復發之成人患者 。 • 本藥須經事前審查核准後使用,每次申請事前審查之療程以12週為限,再次申請必須提出客觀證據(如:影像學)證實無惡化,才可繼續使用。

  26. Avastin 副作用 • 警告: 胃腸穿孔,外科手術和傷口癒合的併發症及出血 • 在進行選擇性手術前至少28天,應暫停使用Avastin。在手術後至少28天且手術傷口完全癒合後再開始進行Avastin的治療。 • 有嚴重出血或最近曾發生咳血的病人,不可投予Avastin來治療。

  27. Wafer 1.作為復發性多形神經膠母細胞瘤病人的手 術輔助,且不得與 temozolomide併用。 2.需經事前審查核准後使用。

  28. Wafer 作用機轉 • Gliadel Wafer能夠直接將carmustine釋放至 癌摘除手術後所造成的腔室內,並擴散至 週邊的腦組織,藉由對DNA及RNA的烷基 化作用而發揮抗惡性腫瘤作用。

  29. Wafer 副作用 • 癲癇發作 • 腦水腫 • 傷口癒合異常 • 顱內感染 • 應避免與腦室相通 • 不建議植入八片以上

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