Title Slide

Slide 1:Title Slide

CSS 404/504 Internet Concepts Web Browsers By Ralph B. Bisland, Jr. Drawing shadowed boxes with PowerPoint is easy. Simply use the Rectangle tool to draw the box and then choose Shadowed from the Draw menu. Be sure to delete this word processing box before using this template for your own presentation.Drawing shadowed boxes with PowerPoint is easy. Simply use the Rectangle tool to draw the box and then choose Shadowed from the Draw menu. Be sure to delete this word processing box before using this template for your own presentation.

Slide 2:Hypertext

Hypertext: Coined by Ted Nelson about 1969 Normal text is designed to be read sequentially. Some text is not designed to be read sequentially.

Slide 3:Hypertext (ctd)

Examples: Dictionary Encyclopedia Reference books Footnotes Hypertext contains links that point to other, possibly, supporting information Supporting information may be text, pictures, sounds, etc. Usually follow associative paths through information

Slide 4:World Wide Web (WWW)

An attempt to provide access to the widest range of information by linking documents created in HTML (HyperText Markup Language), FTP, some Oracle databases, etc. The WWW was originally at CERN, a high energy physics research center in Switzerland, by Tim Berners-Lee. Note: CERN = Conseil European pour la Recherche Nucleaire = European Laboratory for Particle Physics, located in Geneva, Switzerland. To access the WWW a Web Browser is needed. 50 5

Slide 5:Types of Browsers

Text processing mainframe oriented Basically out of date Best: Lynx (University of Kansas) Graphics oriented Designed for PCs with PPP access Majority of browsers are graphics oriented

Slide 6:Daemons

A program that runs on a UNIX-based computer system. Provides a single task. �Wakes up� periodically, performs its function, then goes back to sleep. There many different types of daemons on UNIX-based computer systems.

Slide 7:URLs

Addresses on WWW are called Universal Resource Locators The URL consists of a: Scheme The name of the computer The domain name An optional port number An optional path (subdirectory) name An optional file name

Slide 8:Scheme

What you want the browser to do. The scheme can be any of the following: http: HyperText Transfer Protocol (default) telnet: Connect to another computer syste ssh: Secure shell file: A file on your local system or a file on an anonymous FTP site ftp: FTP site news: A USENET Newsgroup The scheme is separated from the other components with ://

Slide 9:Host and Domain

This is the DNS name of the computer where the web page file is located. Example: orca.st.usm.edu The domain is whose computer account do you want to connect to. Usually the person�s login name on the computer proceeded by a tilde symbol (~). Example: orca.st.usm.edu/~bisland

Slide 10:Port Number

Where the request for service is routed. Generally the port number can be omitted. (Default WWW port is generally 80)

Slide 11:The Path and Filename

A subdirectory within the computer account (login id) The default directory is: <login-id name>/public_html The name of the file containing the web page commands. The default file name is index.html or index.shtml

Slide 12:Example URLs

http://orca.st.usm.edu orca.st.usm.edu orca.st.usm.edu/~bisland orca.st.usm.edu/~bisland/golfstuff/golfl.html telnet://orca.st.usm.edu ssh://orca.st.usm.edu ftp://ftp.usm.edu

Slide 13:Home Pages or Web Pages

WWW Home Page - Analogous to a main menu item Note: A page is not really a page as it may extend for several printed pages. A page is actually a file which contains commands to produce the output shown on your screen. When you first connect to a Web site, the first screen that you see is called the home page. Normally other links are attached to the Home Page

Slide 14:Home Pages or Web Pages (ctd)

USM WWW address: http://www.usm.edu www.usm.edu There are many links that this connects to A page is created by HTML (Hypertext Markup Language) commands stored in a text file. The HTML commands �render� the page.

Slide 15:Example Web Page File

<HTML> <HEAD> <TITLE>Sample Web Page</TITLE> </HEAD> <BODY BACKGROUND=YELLOW> <FONT FACE=ARIAL COLOR=BLUE SIZE=+2> This is a sample web page </FONT> </BODY> </HTML>

Slide 16:Home Page Architecture

Your Home Page Page1 Page3 Page2 Page4 Page5 Page6 Page7 Page8 Hyperlinks

Slide 17:More on Web Browsers

Web browsers are programs used to access information on the WWW. Browsers normally run as client programs on PCs. Make request to servers that sent the file containing HTML code to your server. The browser �renders� the commands on your screen.

Slide 18:Common Web Browsers

Mosaic (NCSA) Netscape Navigator/Communicator (Netscape Communications) Mozilla Internet Explorer (Microsoft) Opera Hot Java Others AOL Compuserve

Slide 19:Mozilla

Netscape was a web browser developed by Netscape Communications. Major competitor of Internet Explorer. On January 22, 1998, Netscape announce plan to make the code for Netscape available to the public free of charge. This made the code �open source�. This was done to deny Microsoft a monopoly.

Slide 20:Mozilla (ctd)

In July 2004 the Mozilla Foundation was formed with the help of America Online�s Netscape Division. The Mozilla Foundation exists to �provide organizational, legal, and financial support for the Mozilla open sourece project.�

Slide 21:Mozilla (ctd)

Mozilla was rated the best web browser in 2003 by: PC World Magazine LinuxJournal Magazine Time Magazine Features Free to download (www.mozilla.org or ftp.usm.edu) Handles over 50 languages (Afikaans to Zulu) Internalization

Slide 22:Mozilla Features

Navigator (web browser) Mail and Newsgroups Chat Composer (web page development) Calendar

Slide 23:Using A Browser

To use a browser, you must enter a a scheme and a URL to link to. You must either know the URL and enter it directly or select it from a set of saved addresses (bookmarks/favorites/etc.) Enter the URL in the window atop the browser page or pull down the �File� menu and select �Open Location�. Use a search engine and search for whatever you wish.

Slide 24:Using A Browser (ctd)

Browser links are usually displayed in a different color and underlined To hyperlink to a link, move the cursor to the link and double click on the left mouse button. You may jump from one link to another. Browser Status Line: Line at the bottom of the page telling you what the browser is currently doing.

Slide 25:Browser Connections

Browsers transfer to links, download the page into the browser, interpret the code, and render the material on your screen. Once the material has been downloaded the connection is broken. If you want to go to another hyperlink on the same page, the browser must reconnect to the URL. (Not always!)

Slide 26:Cashe

Netscape keeps the �N� most recently accessed pages in a special area of the computer called cache. This enhances performance. Two types of cache: Memory Cache: A special section of very fast memory chips set aside tostore the information most frequently accessed from Random Access Memory (RAM). Disk Cache: A special area of very fast disk used to store pages.

Slide 27:Cashe (ctd)

Memory cache is faster than disk cache. Disk cache is faster than retrieving pages from the net. Disk cache has the advantage of persistence. Sometimes you will see the message �Reorganizing Cache� in the Status Line. (Macintosh versions only)

Slide 28:Disposition Of Web Pages

Whenever a file is rendered on your screen, the file can be: Saved to your PC disk. Printed on your PC printer. E-mail the code that produced the page to whatever address you wish. All of these options are listed under the �File� pull down menu.

Slide 29:Saving Web Pages

Web pages can be saved in two different forms: Text: A text rendering of the page (no graphics). Source: HTML code that renders the page. Note that you may store the page anywhere you wish (desktop, diskette, etc.) Once the file is stored as HTML, it can be opened as a local file. Pull down the File Menu and then select Open File from the menu

Slide 30:Saving Web Pages (ctd)

Use whatever command(s) to place the page you wish to save on your screen (the current page). Pull down the File Menu. Select �Save As� from the menu.. Select where you wish to save file and the file name

Slide 31:E-mailing Web Pages

You may either E-mail the entire page or the link to the page. To do either pull down the file menu and select either: Send as Page Send as Link

Slide 32:Plug-ins

Sets of code used to assist a browser to execute such things as Java (a programming language used to enhance the browser) and VRML (Virtual Reality Modeling Language) a language used to produce animation and 3-dimensional pictures. When a browser is downloaded, a default plug-in(s) is/are included. Other plug-ins can be added to further enhance the program.

Slide 33:Internet Explorer

Microsoft Product Usually comes with Windows OS Compatible with Netscape (well almost) Smaller than Mozilla Getting bigger with each new release

Slide 34:Search Engines

Very powerful feature of the WWW Start up your browser. Enter the URL of the search engine in your Location Window. To use a search engine, you enter some descriptive text of what you are looking for , then click the search button. The search engine will create a dynamic web page that has hyperlinks to pages that have that text string(s) somewhere on the page.

Slide 35:How Search Engines Work

Systematically logons to every web site in the world and creates a KWIC index. The key words are then indexed along with their URLs. When a query is entered, the index is searched and a dynamic web page is created which includes the URLs of the various indexed locations.

Slide 36:Differences In Search Engines

Size of the index Frequency of update of the index Organization of the index User interface

Slide 37:Some Search Engines

Google (google.com) Altavista (altavista.com) Lycos (lycos.com) Dogpile (dogpile.com) Hotbot (hotbot.com) AskJeeves (ask.com) Infoseek (infoseek.com)

Slide 38:Types Of Searches

Simple Query: Search for simple text strings May also do: Translations Browse By Subject People Search Business Search Many, many others Advanced Query: Can and/or strings together

Slide 39:Google Search Engine

Most used search engine. Uses very high quality hardware and software to drive it. Uses an algorithm called PageRank to search indexes and assign weights to the results. This algorithm was developed by the two creators of Google. This supposedly produces the best ranking of query results.

Slide 40:Google Search Basics

Just enter a few related key words and press the Enter key or click the �Google Search� button. Google returns pages that contain ALL the words. I�m Feeling Lucky: Opens the first link generated. You can refine your search by adding additional words to the search string. Click on a hyper link to go to that URL.

Slide 41:Google Search Basics (ctd)

You may not find what you want at first. Try going to a page, reading it, looking for additional/other key words, then enter them as keywords in another search. Capitalization is irrelevant. (�George Washington� = �george washington�) Plurals are irrelevant. If Google determines that the word that you have entered is misspelled, it corrects your spelling. �Did you mean ---?�

Slide 42:Natural Language Searches

Google queries can be entered in natural language. Example: What is the weather in Hattiesburg, MS? Google will parse the query and extract the key words and use them in the query. Note: Ask Jeeves (ask.com) does a particularily good job at this.

Slide 43:Selecting Keywords

Choose keywords wisely. Try the obvious first. Try �Picasso� instead of �painters� (too broad). Use words likely to appear on the site. Choose �luxury hotel hattiesburg� rather than �really nice places to spent the night in Hattiesburg�. Make keywords as specific as possible. Ex. �antique lead soldiers� rather than �old metal toys�.

Slide 44:Automatic �and� Queries

Google automatically �ands� together all key words entered. There is no reason to insert the word �and� between words. The order in which you enter the key words will affect the search results.

Slide 45:Automatic Exclusion Of Common Words

Google excludes common words such as �where� and �how� as well as single digits and single letters. (Reason: It slows down the search.) Google informs you that a word has been omitted by displaying details in the results page below the search box. If the common word is important to the search, either put the search string in double quotes (�) or place a space plus sign (� +�) before the word/digit.

Slide 46:Examples

To search for Star Wars Episode I enter: �Star Wars Episode I� Or Star Wars Episode +I

Slide 47:Word Variations (stemming)

Google now uses stemming technology. When appropriate, it will not only search for your search items, but also for words similar to some or all of those words. Example: �pet lemur diet needs� �pet lemur dietary needs� Any variants of your terms that were searched for will be highlighted in the snippet text that accompanies the results.

Slide 48:Search By Category

The Google directory (directory.google.com) is a good place to start if you are not sure what keywords to use in your search. Example: Searching for �Saturn� within the Science > Astronomy category yields information on the planet Saturn. Searching for �Saturn� under the Automotive category yield information on cars.

Slide 49:Advanced Searches

Used to increase the accuracy in your searches. Click on �Advanced Search Page� from the Google Home page. Category restrictions: Find Results Language File Format Date Occurrences Domain Safe Search

Slide 50:Find Results

To perform an Advanced Search just fill in the blanks. With all the words With the exact phrase With at least one of the words Without the words These things can also be performed in simple searches by using operators.

Slide 51:The + Operator

Used to make sure that a word normally omitted is included in the search. Example: Star Wars Episode +I

Slide 52:The - Operator

Used to exclude words from the search. Example: the word �bass� can be a music term and a fishing term. To make sure that you got to the bass that referred to fish, you could specify the following search string: bass -music

Slide 53:The ~ Operator

Used to search not only for the word, but any of its synonyms. Example: To search not only for food facts, but nutrition and cooking information, you may want to use the search string: ~food ~facts

Slide 54:Phrase Searches

To search for certain words in a particular order (a phrase), enter the search string in double quotes (�). This is convenient when searching for proper names or quotations. Example: To search for information on the Emancipation Proclamation, you might enter: �Emancipation Proclaimation�

Slide 55:The OR Operator

Normally all words are �and�ed together. To �or� words insert the word OR (all caps) between the words you wish to or. Example: To check out information on vacations in London or Paris, you might enter the search string: vacation london OR paris

Slide 56:Alternate Query Types

This feature allows Google to further restrict query results. The alternate query type name must be followed with a colon (:) followed by a value with no embedded spaces. Example: define:google

Slide 57:Alternate Query Types (ctd)

Cashe:Shows the version of the page Google has in cashe. (No argument to this type.) Link: Lists the webpages that have links to the specified page (link:orca.st.usm.edu/~bisland) Related: Lists the web pages that are similar to the web page listed Info: Will present some information that Google has about the specified page

Slide 58:Other Information Needs

Define: Define the word specified. define:pettifogger Stocks: Treats any symbols after this word as stock symbols . It will show stock information on these stocks. (Actually it goes to Yahoo Finance and it looks up the stock for you.) stocks:IBM

Slide 59:Query Modifiers

Site: Restricts the search to a particular domain. Ex. help site:www.google.com Allintitle: Restricts the results to those with all the query words in the title. Ex. allintitle:google search Intitle: Restricts the search to the one query word in the title. Ex. Intitle:google search Searches for �google� in the title and �search� anywhere else.

Slide 60:Query Modifiers (ctd)

Allinurl: Restrict the search results to those with all of the query words in the URL. Ex. Allinurl:google search Returns all documents with the words �google� and �search� in the URL. A backslash (\) is not a valid character to search for. The query allinurl:foo\bar will return all the documents with �foo� and �bar� in the URL, but not �foo\bar�, or �foo� necessarily followed by �bar�.

Slide 61:Query Modifiers (ctd)

Inurl: Restricts the results to documents containing that word in the URL. Ex. Inurl:google Restricts the results to the documents with the word �google� in the URL.

Slide 62:Other Neat Features Of Google

Calculator: Use Google to evaluate math expressions. To use the calculator, simply enter the expression into the search string box. (Ex. 2+2) the press the Enter key.

Slide 63:Calculator Operators

+ = Addition (2+2) - = Subtraction (5-3) * = Multiplication (5*4) / = Division (3/2) ^ = Exponentiation (3^2) % = Modulo division (5%3) Choose = Permutations (18 choose 4) th root of = nth root of (5th root of 32) % of = Percentage (10% of 156)

Slide 64:Calculator Functions

Sqrt = Square root {sqrt (10)} Sin = Sine function {sin(1.0)} Cos = Cosine function {cos(1.0)} Tan = Tangent function {tan(1.0)} Ln = Logarithm base e {ln(10)} Log = Logarithm base 10 {log10)} ! = Factorial (5!)

Slide 65:Things To Know

You can force the result immediately by placing an equals sign after the expression (1+1=). Addition and subtraction are low priority operators. You may change priority with parenthesis. 2+2*3 = 8 (2+2)*3 = 12 Google shows you how the expression was evaluated.

Slide 66:Things To Know (ctd)

The in operator is used to specify what units you want used to express your answer. Ex. 5 kilometers in miles You can use Google to express numbers in hexadecimal, octal, or binary. Use the prefixes: 0x, 0o, or 0b Ex. 0b101011 + 0b111100

Slide 67:Things To Know (ctd)

The calculator understands many different units, as well as many physical and mathematical constants. You may use them in computations. You may use some abbreviations for some constants. (Ex. Km for kilometer, e for the speed of light, etc) 25 in roman numerals Sine(30 degrees) e^pi

Slide 68:Other Search Features

Froogle: Searches for products for sale online. Search by number: Searches for such things as: UPS Tracking numbers Fed Ex Tracking numbers USPS Tracking numbers Vechicle ID numbers (VIN) UPC Codes Patent Numbers FCC Airplane Registration Numbers Street Maps

Slide 69:People Searches

Type the person�s name into the query string. Formats: First name (or initial), Last name, city First name (or initial), Last name, state First name (or initial), Last name, area code First name (or initial), Last name, zip code Phone number (including area code) Last name, city, state Last name, zip code You may even get a map to the persons residence. Try: switchboard.com or whitepages.com for phone numbers

Slide 70:Yahoo!

Yahoo�s search engine is organized by topics Select the most likely category and click on it Proceed until you find what you want May use Search boxes People Search is also nice

Slide 71:Bookmarks

Some browsers call them favorites. Bookmarks are a user named location on the web. Mozilla allows a mechanism for recording bookmarks. Automatic recording of bookmarks. When you are viewing a page that you like and want to make a bookmark for, simply pull down the "Bookmark" menu and select the "Add Bookmark� option. Recording the information yourself. Pull down the "Bookmarks" menu and select the �Properties " option and fill in the blanks.

Slide 72:Bookmarks (ctd)

To delete or rename a bookmark select �Manage Bookmarks�, then select the specific bookmark and then select either delete or rename. To edit a bookmark, select the bookmark, select properties, then perform the edit. To use a bookmark, select the "Bookmarks" pull down menu, then select the name of the bookmark that you desire to use, then click on it.