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Industrial Revolution

Explore the transformation from pre-industrial society to the Industrial Revolution, including the enclosure movement, agricultural advancements, textile industry, steam engines, transportation, and the development of capitalism.

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Industrial Revolution

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  1. Industrial Revolution

  2. Pre Industrial Society • Small country, villages feed themselves • Unfenced land for farming and grazing • Insufficient use of the land, fields left empty. • Life expectancy- 1 in 3 infants died before 1 year, 1 in 2 reach age 21, average life span was 40 years old.

  3. OPEN FIELD SYSTEM ADVANTAGES • Villagers worked together • All land was shared • Everyone grew food • For centuries enough food had been grown DISADVANTAGES • Strips in different fields • Fallow land • Waste of time • Waste of land • Common land

  4. Results of Agricultural Revolution 1750-1900 • Enclosure Movement - wealthy landowners fenced their lands to increase efficiency and productivity • Villagers lost their common lands and were forced to look for work in cities or become tenant farmers People lived longer and had more food.

  5. New farming techniques and equipment • Townshend Crop rotation (plant grain one year then replace with a root crop like turnips) • Tull Seed drill (less waste)

  6. Great Britain leads the Industrial Revolution • Increased output of machine made goods that began in England during the 18th Century • Factors in Production • Land: natural resources, coal, rivers, and harbors • Capital: money, tools and equipment • Labor: growth of population, migration to cities.

  7. Textile Industry/Factory • Weaving by hand could not keep up with demand for textiles (cloth) • New inventions increased production: flying shuttle, water frame, spinning jenny • Rise of Factories • Machines too big for homes • Factories located near power sources • Long hours, dangerous work for men, women, and children

  8. How Do Factory Workers Improve Their Working Conditions? • Unions • Strikes • Collective bargaining

  9. Effects of Textile Industry • Mass produced textiles much cheaper than hand made. • Majority of small farmers forced to find work in urban factories.

  10. Steam Engines/Iron and Steel • Early factories relied on animal and water power • Steam Engine was developed to provide a more reliable power supply = increased production. • Iron and coal were the 2 major raw materials for industrialization. • Iron was replaced by stronger steel.

  11. Transportation • Increased production / the need to transport goods • Inventions: • Better roads • Man made waterways, canals • Steam boats and locomotive • Effects of railroads -Expanded rapidly -Fueled growth in other industries

  12. Eli Whitney invented the cotton gin • James Watt improved/patented the steam engine • Robert Fulton built a profitable steam boat • Henry Ford credited with developing the assembly line • Samuel Morse developed a communication code of dots and dashes

  13. Free market- no interference in either domestic or international economic matters;Supply and demand • Laissez faire- policy where owners of industry set working conditions without government interference • Communism- authoritarian socialism; economic and political system in which government owns all means of production and control economic planning • Socialism- Political and economic system in which government owns some means of production (part private and part government owned) • Capitalism- economic system in which individuals control factors of production

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