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Acids, Bases and Neutralization

Acids, Bases and Neutralization. Click the title…it is a link. Acids. The term acid comes from the Latin “ acidus ” which means SOUR – why? An acid is any chemical that donates a hydrogen (H + ) ion to another substance (usually water) Dissociates: HCl + H 2 O -- --> H 3 O + + Cl -

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Acids, Bases and Neutralization

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  1. Acids, Bases and Neutralization Click the title…it is a link

  2. Acids • The term acid comes from the Latin “acidus” which means SOUR – why? • An acid is any chemical that donates a hydrogen (H+) ion to another substance (usually water) • Dissociates: HCl + H2O ----> H3O+ + Cl- • How do you know if something is an acid?

  3. Acids • Common examples of acids? lemon juice, stomach acid, coke, HCl • pH of acids: 1-6 • FYI the #1 manufactured chemical in the US is sulfuric acid (H2SO4) It is used in fertilizers, detergents, paint dyes, plastics, pharmaceuticals, storage batteries, iron & steel

  4. Bases • Bases are often called alkaline, a term derived from the Arabic word for ashes (al-aqli). • Bases taste bitter and are often said to feel slippery – they themselves are not slippery but they cause skin oils to transform into slippery solutions of soap. • Bases produce hydroxide (OH-) ions in solution: write the dissociation equation: • NaOH -----> Na+ + OH - • Most common base produced in US is NaOH

  5. Neutralization • Acids have H+ ion, Bases have OH- This forms HOH!!!! Otherwise known as water!!! • In everyday language, “salt” refers to sodium chloride (NaCl)…table salt. HOWEVER, in the language of chemistry, a saltis any ionic compound formed from the reaction between an acid and a base. • Ex: HCl + KOH ---> KCl + HOH • This is a neutralization reaction!!!

  6. Neutralization • You try: • HCN + NaOH ----> • HNO3 + KOH -----> • HCl + Ca(OH)2 -----> • HF + NaOH ------>

  7. pH scale • The pH scale is logarithmic and as a result, each whole pH value below 7 is ten times more acidic than the next higher value. • pH = - log [H+]

  8. More pH Scale… Website…

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