LAU-2011-2012 M.Mneimne.MD.FACS

1. LAU-2011-2012 M.Mneimne.MD.FACS

2. STDs: Out line • Female reproductive system • Male reproductive system • What are STD’S • Important keys to know about STD’S • Prevention • Different and common types • Complications • References

5. STI’s Sexually transmitted Infections • STI’s are infections that are spread from person to person through intimate sexual contact. • Diseases acquired by having sex : vaginal, oral, or anal – with someone who is already infected.

6. What is a Sexually Transmitted Infection or STI? • Caused by bacteria or viruses that are spread through blood, semen, and vaginal fluids. • Also, can be spread simply by touching infected skin ,(Herpes and genital warts).

7. STI • STI’s are dangerous because they are easily spread and it is hard to tell just by looking who has an STI. • 1 in 4 sexually active teens has an STI. 2/3 of all STD cases occur in ages 25 or younger • 2o STD’s are well identified.

8. It is important to understand at least five key points about all STDs : • STDs affect men and women of all backgrounds and economic levels. Most prevalent among teenagers and young adults less than 25 years of age. • Young people have become sexually active earlier. • Most of the time, STDs cause no symptoms, particularly in women. Even asymptomatic, a person who is infected may be able to pass the disease on to a sex partner.

9. It is important to understand at least five key points about all STDs : 4. STDs tend to be more severe and more frequent in women than in men. Many women do not seek care until serious problems have developed. 5. When diagnosed and treated early, many STDs can be treated effectively and cured.

10. Experts believe that having STDs other than AIDS increases one's risk for becoming infected with the AIDS virus.

11. Prevention is the Key • Abstinence, or not having oral, vaginal or anal sex, is the best way to prevent the transmission of these diseases. • It is possible to get an STD even without having intercourse, through skin-to-skin contact. • Use latex condoms correctly for any type of sex from start to finish

12. What are the different types of STI's • Bacterial STI's are curable. Common bacterial examples include gonorrhea, chlamydia, and syphilis. • Viral STI's are more difficult to treat. Common viral examples include hepatitis B, HIV, herpes simplex I and II, and human papilloma virus (HPV). • Fungal: treatable and curable

13. Common STI’s • Chlamydia • Gonorrhea • Genital Herpes (HSV-2) • Genital Warts (HPV) • Hepatitis B • HIV and AIDS • Pubic Lice • Syphilis • Trichomoniasis

14. How do STIs show? • Most people who have an STI have no symptoms. health care professionals are the only ones to tell for sure if someone is infected. • once infected, symptoms may appear right away. Or, they may not show up for weeks or months or even years. They may come and go. • Even if the signs and symptoms go away, the infected person can still infect other people if he has sex with them.

15. Common Symptoms -Women • Sores, bumps or blisters near genitals, anus ,vagina • Burning or pain upon urination • Itching, bad smell or unusual discharge from the vagina or anus • Abdominal pain (pain in the lower abdomen) . • Bleeding from the vagina between menstrual periods. • Pain during sexual intercourse. • Remember: Sometimes symptoms don't show up for weeks or months or years.

16. Common Symptoms - Men • Sores, bumps or blisters near your genitals, anus or mouth • Burning or pain upon urination • Drip or discharge from the penis • Itching, pain or discharge from the anus • Painful ejaculation.

17. What to do in case such symptoms appear? • Person who have an STI should see a healthcare provider for treatment. • Patients may be shy about having doctors and nurses looking at their genitals. • tests are usually quick .

18. How do we diagnose an STI? • Analysis of urine • Some STI’s are diagnosed by taking a swab of the vagina or penis for secretions. (cultures). • Other STI’s can be diagnosed by looking at the sores or bumps on your genitals. • Some STI’s are diagnosed by testing blood.(HIV,HBV).

19. Treatment and Facts Know the Facts!

20. Chlamydia • Caused by bacteria called Chlamydia Trachomatis. • Chlamydia is one of the most common silent sexually transmitted infections. • It can cause eye infection in the newborn during delivery. • Chlamydia is curable. • It is treated with antibiotics • All sex partners must be treated in the same time.

22. Gonorrhea • Caused by a bacteria known as Neisseria gonorrhoeae. • Can cause joint disease and may lead to life-threatening infection • The infected mother may give the infection to her infant as the baby passes through the birth canal during delivery. This can cause blindness, joint infection, or a life-threatening blood infection in the baby • Gonorrhea is treatable.

23. Gonorrhea • When symptoms do occur they include burning during urination, green or yellowish discharge, abnormal vaginal bleeding, or pelvic pain. • It is treated with antibiotics • All sex partners must be treated in the same time.

24. Genital Herpes (HSV-2) • HSV-2 is caused by the herpes virus. • You can still get HSV-2 even when you use a condom. • After contracting the herpes virus you will have it FOREVER. There is NO cure. • Antiviral medications help control recurring outbreaks and clear up painful sores.

26. HPV • Genital Human Papillomavirus (also called HPV) is the most common sexually transmitted infection (STI). There are more than 40 types of HPV that can infect the genital areas of males and females. These HPV types can also infect the mouth and throat. • Genital warts: About 360,000 persons in the U.S. get genital warts each year. • Cervical cancer: About 12,000 women in the U.S. get cervical cancer each year

27. Genital Warts (HPV) • Genital warts are caused by human papillomavirus (HPV). • There is NO cure for the virus. • HPV can be transmitted even if a condom was used. • Some warts can be dissolved with special medication or we can “freeze” them off with a special chemical.(AgNO3). • warts are soft, itchy , in and around the genitals, often called genital warts.

28. www.skinchoice.com

29. HPV: Prevention • HPV vaccines are recommended for 11- or 12-year-old boys and girls. • HPV Vaccines prevent Cervical cancer and HPV infection.

30. Syphilis • Caused by bacteria called Trepenoma pallidum. • If not treated Syphilis can be very dangerous and can cause brain damage and other serious health problems. • Syphilis is easy to cure in its early stages. • Signs and symptoms of syphilis include a firm, round, small, and painless sore on the genitals, anus, or mouth, or a rash on the body, especially on the palms of the hands or the soles of the feet.

31. Syphilis • In 2008, 63% of the reported primary and secondary (P&S) syphilis cases were among men who have sex with men (MSM). • A pregnant woman with syphilis can pass the disease to her unborn baby • It is treated with antibiotics • All sex partners must be treated in the same time. • About 70,000 new cases occur each year.

32. Hepatitis B • Hepatitis is a disease of the liver. • Hepatitis B is transmitted from person to person through blood and body fluids. • There is no treatment for the virus after it has been contracted. • The only treatment is prevention: • Abstain from sex • Always use latex condoms • Avoid contact with other people’s blood • Get immunized

33. HIV and AIDS • AIDS is one of the most deadly diseases in history. • AIDS is caused by HIV (Human immunodeficiency virus). • HIV destroys the body’s defense system (the immune system). • Thousands of teens in the U.S. become infected each year.

34. How do you get HIV? • HIV can be transmitted from an infected person to another person through blood, semen, vaginal fluids, and breast milk. • People who have another STD are at higher risk for contracting HIV during sex with infected partners.

35. How do people know they have HIV? • Many people do not know they have it. • Symptoms may not appear for up to 10 years. • Some people may feel and look healthy for years while they are infected with HIV. • It is possible to infect others with HIV, even if the person has absolutely no symptoms.

36. Symptoms of AIDS • Extreme weakness and fatigue • Rapid weight loss • Frequent fevers with not explanation • Heavy sweating at night • Swollen lymph glands • Minor infections that cause skin rashes and mouth, genital, and anal sores. • White spots in the mouth or throat • Chronic diarrhea • A cough that won’t go away • Short-term memory loss

37. Kaposi’s sarcoma (Cancer associated with AIDS) Oral Leukoplakia Oral Thrush (yeast infection) Common infection associated with AIDS

38. How is HIV treated? • There is NO cure. • Prevention is the only way to prevent transission. • Treatment involves HAART (Highly active antiretroviral Treatmen),AZT. • Vaccines are under research now.

39. Pubic Lice (Crabs) • Pubic lice are tiny insects that can crawl from the pubic hair of one person to the pubic hair of another person during sex. • Treatment is by medication that kills the lice and their eggs. • also there is need to dry clean or use very hot water to wash all of the bedding, towels, or recently worn clothing to kill the lice. • Tell and treat the partner/s. • Pubic lice can be spread even when a condom is used.

40. An estimated 3 million people with new cases of the infestation are treated each year in USA

41. Trichomoniasis • Sometimes called “trich” it is a parasite that can be passed from person to person during sexual intercourse. • One of the most common STD’s • Can be passed on via towels, washcloths, and bathing suits if someone has the parasite. • It is treated with antibiotics • Sex partner must be treated in the same time

44. Complications of STI/STDs. • Infertility (Unable to have babies)in men and women • Cervical Cancer, ectopic pregnancy, PID • Long-term pain • Can pass disease from mother to baby • Miscarriage • Neuro and cardiovascular diseases • death

45. Conclusion I • It is much easier to prevent an STI than to cure one. • The ONLY way to prevent STI’s is to abstain from ALL types of sexual intercourse. • Condoms do notprotect from STI’s such as HSV-2, HPV, and Pubic Lice. • Monogamy( Loyalty to one partner). • Reduce the number of sexual partners • Do not have sex with “higher-risk” people

46. Conclusion II • Do not share needles, towels, clothes of others • Stay sober • Make sure of clean toilets before use. • Seeking care instead of seeking cure

47. Choose a complete life over a passionate moment.

48. References • www.iwannaknow.org • www.kidshealth.org • www.lib.uiowa.edu • www.healthac.org • www.afraidtoask.com • www.cdc.gov: center of Disease Control-USA