Désiré KARYABWITE IP Coordinator, E-Strategies Unit, Email: desire.karyabwite@itut

1. Arab Regional Workshop on“IP STRATEGIES AND IDN ISSUES”Damascus-Syria, 16-18 May 2006“Optimal Integration of IP-based Technologies and Internet Access” Désiré KARYABWITE   IP Coordinator, E-Strategies Unit, Email: desire.karyabwite@itu.int Tel: +41 22 730 5009 Fax: +41 22 730 5484 The views expressed in this paper are those of the author and may not necessarily reflect the opinions of the ITU or its membership..

2. Table of Contents • Introduction: E-Strategies • Challenges of Change: IP Telephony, Broadband and Interconnections, the high way for Telecom operators • Strategy for a smooth migration from circuit-switched networks to packet-switched networks • Conclusion

3. 1. INTRODUCTION E-Strategies (WTDC 2002 Istanbul) World Telecommunication Development Conference 7 to 15 March 2006 (Doha, Qatar)

4. Strategy and Priorities • Providing assistancein technical and policy aspects ofInternet Protocol (IP). • Assisting in technical and policy aspects ofe-applications and e-services (e-Government, e-Education, e-Health, e-Agriculture, e-Commerce etc.) • Enhancing security and trust in theuse of public networks. • Implementing projects on MCTsand multipurpose platforms (MPPs) . • Enhancing ICTliteracy andbuilding awareness on the potentials of ICTs. • Promoting the establishmentof a favourable legal environment forICTs.

5. Resolution 50 (Doha, 2006) Optimal integration of information and communication technologies The World Telecommunication Development Conference (Doha, 2006), considering a) the role of ITU, in particular the specific functions of the ITU Telecommunication Development Sector (ITU‑D); b) the disparity between those who have and those who do not have access to information and communications technologies (ICT), referred to as the "digital divide"; c) the many stakeholders in the public, private, academic, non-governmental organization and multilateral sectors who are seeking to bridge this divide; d) the outputs of Phases 1 and 2 of the World Summit on the Information Society (WSIS), bearing in mind a) that this difference in access to ICTs leads to an extreme escalation of social disparities, with negative impacts on the social and economic environment in the various regions excluded from use of ICTs; b) the interest shown by WSIS in ICT integration, recognizing a) ITU's role as a catalyst, and in particular that of ITU-D as coordinator and promoter of the rational use of resources in the context of the various projects intended to narrow the digital divide; b) that the integration models supported by the ITU Member States are an element that integrates, facilitates and does not exclude, one which takes into account the individual characteristics of all existing projects, respecting their autonomy and independence; c) that the integration models propose ways to increase the profitability of existing infrastructure, to lower the cost of developing and implementing ICT projects and platforms, to provide for the sharing of expertise and skills, and to foster intraregional and extraregional technology transfers, Resolves 1 that the Telecommunication Development Bureau (BDT) adopt all necessary measures to implement regional projects derived from the non‑exclusive integration models which it has acquired, to link all stakeholders, organizations and institutions of the various sectors in an ongoing relationship of cooperation in which information is disseminated over networks, so as to narrow the digital divide in line with the outputs of Phases 1 and 2 of WSIS; 2 that BDT use the funds at its disposal to attain that objective; 3 that BDT play a central role in this initiative; 4 that relevant testing be conducted in each of the six regions.

6. Multichannel Broadcast TV Fiber, PLC Audio/VideoStreaming DSL, Cable, PLC WWW MP3 V.90 E-mail, Chat, SMS V.34 Technology and application interaction

7. Bandwidth Bandwidth required per streaming application Application usage 20Mbps More applications per household (audio streaming, video streaming, …) Compression techniques MPEG2 5Mbps Bandwidth requirements per household 2Mbps MPEG4 1Mbps time 1992 1996 2000 2002

9. Internet user profiles

10. 2.1 Interconnections are Key issues Direct connection ISP 1 ISP 2 IX Interconnecting via third party operated Internet Exchange Point ISP 3 ISP 4 • Economy of scale advantages through interconnection over an IX: • cost for maintenance and administration • cost for equipment 2. Challenges of Change: IP Telephony, Broadband and Interconnections, the high way for Telecom operators

11. Two different types of interconnections; peering and transit. Peering: is an interconnection business relationship whereby ISPs provide connectivity to each others´customers Transit: From an ASP (Access Service Provider) to ISPs. The Internet business in most Countries is mainly based on transit bandwidth... It is the business relationship whereby one ISP provides (usually sells) access to all destinations in its routing table.

12. ISPs : From Transit to Peering in order to improve and optimize the network efficiency/quality Transit Provider / Access Service Provider Transit = $$$, ~3 s Transit = $$$, ~3 s ISP 1 ISP 2 Peering = $, ~3 ms

13. 2.2 The growth of VoIP • At the start of 2004, there were more than 102 million broadband subscribers in about 100 countries where broadband services were available. • Republic of Korea was the leading economy at the start of 2004, with 23.3 broadband subscribers for every 100 inhabitants. • In terms of absolute number of subscribers, the United States was the largest single broadband market at the start of 2004, with over 25 million subscribers.

14. China added 11 million new broadband users in 2003 to reach 13.5 million, and at current rates of growth, it was expected to overtake the United States by year-end 2004 as the economy with the most broadband users. • (China had already overtaken the United States in terms of fixed lines in 2002 and mobile phones in 2001). • Vonage and Skype are some of the companies that are active in the VoB market. Vonage markets a flat-rate calling plan (unlimited calls in North America for USD 24.99) per month and international virtual numbers which allow for international calls to and from the United States at local call rates. • Skype in partnership with Colt, Level 3, Teleglobe or iBasis • SkypeOut network. PC to phone in 22 countries in Europe, Asia, in America

15. IP Telephony: Who can do what, where?

16. 2.3 Changing business models http://www.skype.com/

17. 100% Free, no call setup! Click here for more info. For all other rates, click here AndorraArgentinaAustraliaAustriaBelgiumBulgariaCanadaChileChinaColombiaCroatiaCyprusDenmarkEstoniaFinlandFrance GeorgiaGermanyGibraltarHong KongIcelandIrelandItalyJapanLatviaLiechtensteinLuxembourgMalaysiaMonacoMongoliaNetherlandsNew Zealand NorwayPanamaPolandPuerto RicoRussian FederationSingaporeSloveniaSouth KoreaSpainSwedenSwitzerlandTaiwanTurkeyUnited KingdomUnited StatesVenezuela http://www.internetcalls.com/en/index.html

18. 100% Free*, no call setup! Max 20hrs per month of free calls. Click here for more info. For all other rates, click here AndorraAustraliaAustriaBelgiumBulgariaCanadaChileColombiaCroatiaCyprusDenmarkEstoniaFinlandFrance GeorgiaGreeceHong KongIcelandIrelandItalyJapanLatviaLiechtensteinLuxembourgMalaysiaMonacoMongoliaNetherlands New ZealandNorwayPanamaPeruPortugalPuerto RicoSingaporeSloveniaSouth KoreaSpainSwitzerlandTaiwanThailandVenezuela http://www.voipbuster.com/en/index.html

21. IP Telephony: ITU-T H.323 deployment scenarios • The Gateways (GW) provide many services, the most common being a translation function between H.323 conferencing endpoints and other terminal types. • A Gatekeeper (GK) is the most important component of an H.323-enabled network. It acts as thecentral point for all calls within its zone and provides call control services to registered endpoints. • Multipoint Control Unit (MCU) supports conferences between three or more endpoints

22. Output to VoIP via E1 digital trunk from PSTN lines • Conversion from standard analog subscribers to E1 • Fixed-to-mobile conversion • Connecting old PBX to digital trunks

23. 2.4 Security issues in Multimedia and VoIP Security threats in Multimedia communications

24. User and terminal authentication • Server authentication • User/terminal and server authentication counter-security threats, such as masquerade, man-inthe-middle, IP address spoofing and connection hijacking. • Call authorization is the decision-making process • Signalling security protection addresses protection • Voice confidentiality is realized through encryption of the voice packets • Key management • Interdomain security deals with the problem that systems in heterogeneous environments have implemented different security features because

25. ITU-TRecommendation H.530 covers such security needs by addressing security aspects as: • –  Mobile terminal/user authentication and authorization in foreign visited domains. • –   Authentication of visited domain. • –   Secure key management. • –   Protection of signalling data between a mobile terminal and visited domain. • In addition to H.235, H.350 and H.350.2 provide for scalable key management

26. 3. Strategy for a smooth migration from circuit-switched networks to packet-switched networks 3.1 IP-based Network development IP Network Covering the full territory of the country

27. NGN Structure of the Focus Group on Next Generation Networks (FGNGN) Working Group Area WG 1 SR (Service Requirements) Group WG 2 FAM (Functional Architecture and Mobility) Group WG 3 QoS (Quality of Service) Group WG 4 CSC (Control and Signalling Capability) Group WG 5 SeC (Security Capability) Group WG 6 Evo (Evolution) Group WG 7 FPBN (Future Packet-based Bearer Networks) Group 3.2 Next Generation Networks http://www.itu.int/ITU-T/ngn/fgngn/structure.html

28. 3.3 Convergence Aspects

29. Business Strategies : “Triple Play” -VoIP -Video -Data (EoIP for Everything on IP)

30. Italian Case Study: “FastWeb” • 2000, proposed “Triple Play” Solution (VoIP,Internet and Video) • Main cities: Milano, Roma, Gênes , Torino, Naples, • Bologna, Rimini, Modène). • ADSL (Down Stream 4 Mb/s and 512 kbits/s upStream) for « triple play ». • FastWeb belongs to e.Biscom(italian Compagny) • Investement 1,9 billion Euros (2000-2003) • PPP Investors (Milan city, Power compagnies AEM- Azienda Energia Milano). • Infrastructure belongs to Metroweb (a joint-venture e.Biscom/AEM). • FastWeb is responsible for Business Management

31. 330’000 subscribers (2003) • 131’500 Subscribers in (2002). • 1’000 subscribers every day (70 % for Triple Play with no limitation for national Communication, Video communication(10 Mbit/s, no time and volume limitation) • Price 110 euros/m (USD 145) + 95 euros for the installation. • For TV Option: Contracts with (RAI- italian TV, Mediaset and La7). Access to BBC World, Bloomberg, RAINews 24 ou RAISat Sport and other sports. Access to VoD (Video On Demand). 4 to 6 Euros/film

32. VoIP calls: 3,5 millions on FastWeb’s Network • 20 % of the subscribers use the videocommunication (represents 34 % of the total Traffic) • The Revenue Average is 790 euros/year + 130 euros (VoD) / Sub. • Technologies Partners include : Cisco System, Pirelli, Telsey (gateways and terminals), Alcatel, Marconi and NetCentrex ( for VoIP and videocom) • National Strategy for the moment • Positive cash flow expected in 2005

33. 3.4 Key strategic issues to be analyzed Legal interception Some regulatory agencies fear that voice over broadband services may open the way to ill-intended users to hide behind anonymity to conduct illegal activities (for example, drug dealing or terrorism). If the service is non-licensed, then it may be difficult for legal authorities to trace, or monitor, suspicious calls. Taxation Model It may be inefficient to tax only licensed operators, because this will encourage those licensed operators to shift more of their traffic onto untaxed VoIP platforms/Triple Play.

34. Interconnection payments The completion of a long-distance or international call typically requires the cooperation of two or more PTOs, at the origin and destination of the call and for transit. The PTO handling call termination and transit may require interconnection payments from the originator of the call.

35. Policy and Administration of IXP • The decision to be made is on having Bi-lateral or • Multi-lateral peering agreements to rule over the traffic • exchange over the IX: • Multi-lateral peering agreement implies that allconnected ISPs must peer with all other ISPs connected to the IX, on the same conditions. • Bi-lateral leaves it to the ISP to decide with whom to peer and on what conditions, but they must have peering agreements with at least two if they want to use the IX. Procedures • Joining • Termination • Payment of fees Documents • Policy of IXP • Connection agreement • Service definition

36. Access technologies and QoS Open standard : DVB-RCS (Digital Video Broadcast - Return Channel System) (up to 8 Mbps downstream and up to 2 Mbps upstream or ….). Class 1 (0 to 150 ms for really time com) Tel. Com Class 2 (150 to 300 ms) bi-directional not really time Class 3 (300 to 700 ms) half-duplex Class 4 (> 700 ms) mil radio …

37. Satellite Interconnections: DVB-OBP

39. Transformer (MV/LV) (10-30KV/ 0.4-0.110KV) Transformer Station (HV/MV) (110-380/10-30KV) up to 4.5 Mbps up to 45 Mbps FiberBackbone Low Voltage Network IP Connectivity and PLC (Power Line Communication) Medium Voltage Cable

40. Optical Cables over Power Line: Multi-stakeholders approach

41. Fibre access scenario

42. 4. Conclusion Data traffic is growing more (10 times) compared to the voice traffic and as a consequence, the past concept of telephone networks, which also carry data might be replaced by the concept of data networks that also carry voice. In this regard, seam-less interworking between IP-based networks and PSTN and the interoperability of their respective applications or services is essential in meeting the business requirements placed on modern communication networks.

43. Best practices for DNS and IP addresses Management • Governing Law and Dispute Resolution • Clear responsibilities IXP/ Member Responsibilites • Clear Membership policy and Connection to IXP • Fees • Clear Corporate Strategies • Clear Business Strategies

44. Thank you for your Attention For more details: www.itu.int/itu-d Désiré KARYABWITE   IP Coordinator, E-Strategy Unit, Email: desire.karyabwite@itu.int Tel: +41 22 730 5009 Fax: +41 22 730 5484