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Constitutional Convention. Constitutional Convention called in 1787 --Rhode Island was not present. --James Madison (Virginia) was the architect of the Constitution and took the best notes at the convention. (Father of Const.)
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Constitutional Convention called in 1787 --Rhode Island was not present. --James Madison (Virginia) was the architect of the Constitution and took the best notes at the convention. (Father of Const.) --55 delegates were there. Average age was 42. 7 were state governors, 8 signed the declaration of independence, 8 served in constitutional conventions of their own states, 39 members were part of the continental congress. --Thomas Jefferson, John Adams, John Hancock, Richard Henry Lee, and Sam Adams were not there. --George Washington was elected president of the convention. --The purpose of the convention was to revise the Articles (the federal government).
--This plan had 3 branches of government: Executive, Legislative, and Judicial. --Executive branch enforces laws. --Legislative branch makes laws. --Judicial branch interprets laws. --Montesquieu came up with separation of powers --James Madison came up with the Virginia Plan. --The plan stated that congress would be bicameral (or have 2 houses). They would be the Senate and the House of Representatives. They would both be based on population. --Small states didn’t like the Virginia plan because they thought large populated states would decide everything. Virginia Plan (also called large states plan)
--This plan still had 3 branches (Ex, leg, jud). --Congress would be unicameral (one senate). --Representation would be equal for each state. --Large populated states did not like this proposal because they thought smaller populated states should not have as much say as large populated states. New Jersey Plan(also called small states plan)
--Roger Sherman came up with it. --Had 3 branches of government (executive, legislative, judicial). --Legislative branch would be bicameral (2 houses). --House of Representative representation would be based on the population of the states (larger states having more representatives) --The Senate would have equal representation (2 per state) no matter what the population of the state was. --To make laws they have to pass in both houses Connecticut Compromise
--North and South had to compromise with each other on slavery. --Congress could tax importation of goods and regulate interstate and foreign trade. --Congress could NOT regulate slave trade for 20 years. Commerce and Slave Trade Compromise
--The South wanted slaves to be counted in the population but the North didn’t want the slaves to be counted at all. --Both sides compromised by agreeing that each slave would only be counted as 3/5’s of a person towards population. 3/5’s Compromise
Federalists --Believe in strong central government (One government in charge of all the states.) --James Madison, Alexander Hamilton, George Washington were federalists. --They believed we would be protected from abuse of power because of checks and balances and separation of power. Anti-Federalists --Against a strong central government. (Want states to have their own governments to govern themselves. --They were afraid a strong central government would abuse their power. --Wanted the Bill of Rights to be written to make sure peoples rights were protected. Federalist / Anti-federalist Compromise Constitution was passed in the convention and then was sent to the states for debate and ratification. Passage was not guaranteed in the states.
