Growth of a Military Society

1. NameDatePeriodSubject Growth of a Military Society Samurai & Shoguns Take Over

2. How were the warrior governments organized? Courtiers -“out of touch” with commoners called: “Dwellers Among the Clouds” Rebellions in provinces (outlying areas) daimyo noble estate lords hired professional warriors - samurai samurai (means “to serve”) warriors given land in return for their loyalty protected daimyo’s land (estates) 1150s – clans fight to rule Japan Minamoto clan wins after 30 years takes over rule of Japan 1192, Emperor – kept as “figurehead” - gave Yorimoto Minamoto the title of shogun, or “great general” Growth of a Military Society Samurai & Shoguns Take Over

3. ??? samurai respected but restricted could not attend entertainment such as theater could not engage in commerce (trade) lived simple, disciplined lives had peaceful rituals that required concentration flower arranging – tea ceremonies Bushido – the “way of the warrior” samurai code of rules (of honor) required loyalty to daimyo loyalty & honor still important in Japan women samurai protected home 1192, Emperor – kept as “figurehead” gave Yorimoto the title of shogun, or “great general” Samurai Honor(suicide rather than shame)

4. How was Japanese society affected by Zen Buddhism? Different forms, or denominations, of Buddhism developed in Japan. Pure Land Buddhism chanted the name of Amida Buddha believed in the afterlife commoners liked it because they had no time or money for rituals Zen Buddhism uses physical and mental exercise to reach enlightenment - meditation requires discipline popular with samurai Zen Masters scoffed at book learning and logic appealed to uneducated samurai warriors. loyalty & honor still important in Japan women samurai protected home Development of Religious Denominations

5. What new art forms developed during medieval Japan? Buddhism changed Japanese culture. Zen Buddhists developed the tea ceremony Noh dramas serious dramas often told of heroic figures from past Buddhism mixes with Shintoism humans are part of nature. Japanese Zen gardens and flower arranging were good for meditating and focusing on nature. • Zen Buddhism • relied on physical and mental exercise to reach enlightenment - meditation • popular with samurai because of discipline. • Zen Masters scoffed at book learning and logic • appealed to uneducated samurai warriors. A Unified Culture

6. How was Japan’s history similar to China’s? 1274 & 1281 Chinese Mongols invade warring nobles unify to fight invasions great storms sink Chinese ships Kamikaze – “divine wind” Emperor – daimyo – Shogun all fight to control Japan (1400s) daimyo split Japan and rule it 1500s – Oda Nobunaga unifies Japan used guns supplied by Portugese traders 1600s Tokugawa Shogunate Tokugawa Ieyasu took complete control of Japan. Buddhism taught humans are part of nature. Japanese Zen gardens and flower arranging were good for meditating and focusing on nature. Order Breaks Down

7. What steps did the Tokugawa Shoguns take to unify Japan and keep power? Tokugawa Ieyasu 1600, took complete control of Japan. to unify Japan, he: moved the capital to Edo (now Tokyo). set up bloodline of succession Tokugawa Shogunate lasted more than 250years. outlawedChristianity restrictedtravel banned European trade (to avoid problems like in Europe) isolated Japan from the West (like China) • 1600s Tokugawa Shogunate

8. What were the four social classes in Japan? The shogunate enforced a strict social system 4 main under-classes. samurai artisans peasants merchants Merchants richest class mistrusted by government (for profiting from the labor of others) • isolated Japan from the West (like China) Control of the Classes

9. How did the merchant class develop a new culture in Japan? 1600s merchants spent $ on entertainment. Cities had Kabukitheaters teahouses gambling wrestling public baths Popular Literature: Epic novels haiku short three-linepoems with 17 syllables about nature Education spread to all classes. • Merchants • richest class • mistrusted by government (for profiting from the labor of others) A New and Different Culture

10. Warm-Up “Question” of the Day 2-2-2011 • Make a haiku poem of your own. • Remember: • 3 lines • 17 syllables only • line one : 5 syllables • line two : 7 syllables • line three : 5 syllables • about nature

13. Japanese samuraiin armour, 1860s. Photograph by Felice Beato

15. You may have seen this castle as a ninja training school in James Bond's You Only Live Twice. It also appeared in The Last Samurai, several Kurosawa movies, and in the TV miniseries, Shogun. Also known as the “White Heron Castle”, Himeji Castle was originally built in the 14th century, and then rebuilt in 1580.

16. Matsumoto Castle was built in the 16th century and is sometimes called Crow's Castle because of it's black color.

20. Feudal Japanese Society

21. Feudal Japanese Society

22. Feudal Japanese Society

24. Sei Shonagon(SAY shoh-nah-gohn),author of The Pillow Book, servedJapan’s empress from 991 to 1000.The Pillow Book was her journal.In it she wrote poems and thoughtsabout nature as well as descriptions of daily events.

25. A favorite theme in Japanese painting was The Tale of Genji. In this illustration of a scene from the novel, Genji’s son is reading a letter as his wife approaches.

26. The Buddha was a popular subject for statues in the Heian period.

27. Japanese writing could be an art form in itself. This album made in the shape of a fan is covered in text and pictures.

28. Zen Garden

29. Lady Murasaki Shikibu was a noble and a servant to the Empress Akiko. While in the empress’s service, she wrote lively observations of court life in her diaries. She also wrote the novel The Tale of Genji.Why is she important?The Taleof Genji is one of the world’s oldest novels, and—some would argue—one of the best. Besides entertaining readers for hundreds of years, TheTale of Genji describes the daily lives, customs, and attitudes of Japanese nobles of the time.

30. Japanese royal court at Heian.

31. Japanese Royal Court @ Heian

32. Kamikaze Japanese suicide pilot attacking U.S. ship during World War Two

33. Illustration, based on contemporary depictions in scrolls and discoveries from excavation of the Takashima shipwreck, depicts a warship from the Mongol invasion fleet. ( archeology.org )

35. The Heiji disturbance, which occurred late in 1159, represents a brief armed skirmish in the capital. One faction, led by Fujiwara Nobuyori, in alliance with the warrior Minamoto Yoshitomo, staged a coup. In the scene depicted here, they surrounded the palace, captured the sovereign, placed him in a cart and then consigned the structure to the flames. Even though Nobuyori and Yoshitomo were triumphant here, they later suffered defeat and death at the hands of their rival Kiyomori.

37. kamikaze (spirit-wind)