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Introduction to Atoms and Electric Fields

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  1. Introduction to Physical ScienceMonday, Wednesday, ThursdayTom Burbinetomburbine@astro.umass.edu

  2. Midterm • Average was 77

  3. Atoms • Composed of : • Electrons – Negative charges • Protons – Positive charges • Neutrons – Neutral charges

  4. Like charges repel • Opposite charges attract

  5. Neutral atom –same number of electrons and protons • If an electron is removed, the atom is positively charged • If an electron is gained, the atom is negatively charged

  6. Fewer electrons than protons, positively charged • More electrons than protons, negatively charged

  7. Conservation of charge – There is no creation or destruction of net electric charge • Electrons can not be created nor destroyed, they can only be transferred from one material to another

  8. Like charges repel • Unlike charges attract

  9. Coulomb’s Law • F = k q1q2 d2 F is force in Newtons q1 is quantity of charge of one particle q2 is quantity of charge of second particle k is 9,000,000,000 N∙m2/C2 (C is a Coulomb)

  10. 1 Coulomb is equal in magnitude to the total charge of 6.24 x 1018 electrons • The charge of an electron is approximately −1.602×10−19 C • The charge of a proton is approximately 1.602×10−19 C

  11. Electric Field • Electric field surrounds any charged particle • Electric field decreases with square of the distance from the particle

  12. Electric Potential • A charged particle has potential energy due to its location in an electric field • Electric Potential Energy – Energy possessed by a charged particle due to its location

  13. Electric Potential = electric potential energy amount of charge

  14. 1 Volt = 1 joule 1 coulomb

  15. A battery is a device that converts chemical energy directly to electrical energy • Batteries consist of two different metals suspended in an acidic solution. 

  16. http://hilaroad.com/camp/projects/lemon/lemon_battery.html

  17. http://www.green-planet-solar-energy.com/make-a-battery.html

  18. Any Questions?

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