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PHYS40422: Applied Nuclear Physics Paul Campbell Room 4.11 Paul.Campbell-3@manchester.ac.uk

PHYS40422: Applied Nuclear Physics Paul Campbell Room 4.11 Paul.Campbell-3@manchester.ac.uk. Interaction of Radiation with Matter Radiation Detection Biological Effects of Radiation Applications of Nuclear Techniques Nuclear Fission GENERAL Nuclear Fusion.

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PHYS40422: Applied Nuclear Physics Paul Campbell Room 4.11 Paul.Campbell-3@manchester.ac.uk

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  1. PHYS40422: Applied Nuclear PhysicsPaul CampbellRoom 4.11Paul.Campbell-3@manchester.ac.uk • Interaction of Radiation with Matter • Radiation Detection • Biological Effects of Radiation • Applications of Nuclear Techniques • Nuclear Fission GENERAL • Nuclear Fusion http://personalpages.manchester.ac.uk/staff/Paul.Campbell-3/phys40422.htm

  2. Reminder: Binding energy per nucleon Low energy reactions: Mass number A is conserved : Fusion of light nuclei, and fission of heavy nuclei, are exothermic

  3. Reminder: Binding energy per nucleon http://www-nds.iaea.org/relnsd/vchart/index.html

  4. Reminder: Binding energy per nucleon

  5. The sequence of events following fission

  6. The distribution of the energy released in fission

  7. The distribution in mass of fission fragments following 235U(nth,f)

  8. The distribution in (N,Z) of fission fragments from the spontaneous fission of 252Cf

  9. Two examples of beta-decay chains, following fission

  10. Reminder: Binding energy

  11. fuel rod moderator Schematic reactor core

  12. Cd cut-off ~0.5 eV

  13. We now have the final number of second generation neutrons available to interact with the uranium fuel and induce more fissions: kN = ηεpf (1 - Lf )(1 - Ls ) N k is known as the reproduction factor, and must be greater than 1 for a sustainable chain reaction.

  14. HOT steam coolant reactor core heat exchanger turbine ELECTRICITY COLD coolant water Basic structure of a reactor

  15. Schematic of the layout of an AGR reactor

  16. Schematic layout of a PWR Reactor

  17. Westinghouse AP1000: a PWR reactor

  18. Schematic layout of a CANDU reactor

  19. Schematic layout of a Pebble Bed reactor

  20. Schematic layout of a Pebble Bed reactor

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