Europe and Russia

1. Europe and Russia • Central Question: What factors were essential in establishing the dynasties, prosperous empires, and society’s in Europe and Russia?

2. Central Question • What factors were essential in establishing the dynasties, prosperous empires, and society’s in Europe and Russia?

3. Political: Expansion and Dynastic Change in Russia

4. Emergence and goals of Muscovy (Russia) • Established political borders. • Debate over control of Russia. • Emerged out of turmoil. • Consolidating a powerful political order. • Territorial expansion and extension of commercial networks. • Ivan 3 and successors, Peter the Great, Catherine the Great.

6. Establishing an Empire • Weak principality of Muscovy expanded rapidly. • rate of about fifty miles per day. • Grew to occupy one-sixth of the earth’s land. • Expansion=security. • Expanded eastward and reached the Pacific.

7. Muscovy • Muscovy sought to dominate near Moscow. • Eventually became known as Russia. • Population: from 6 million-20 million • Ivan established legitimacy. • Religious dimension. • Diversity Ivan 3

8. Romanovs • Times of Trouble. • Still expanding. • 1613, to reestablish central authority. • Under the Romanovs. • Tsars retained power until 1900s. • absolutist system of government

9. The Thirty Year’s War • Power, territory, trade, and control. • Protestant princes vs. The Habsburg Catholic emperor. • Catholic powers wanted more freedom. • Effected populations, economics, power, and independence • The Treaty of Westphalia (1648)

10. Discussion Questions • What do you think were the most successful factors in establishing the powerful Russian Empire? • Considering the result of the Thirty Years War, did the war make sense for either of sides and who benefited mostly from this war?

11. Economic change in Russia and Europe

12. Economic changes in Russia • Colonization • Expansion • Agriculture and isolation • Trade routes

13. Economic changes in Europe • Thirty Years’ war • Cost of war • Dutch shipping and finance • Dutch Decline

14. Economic changer in Europe continued • England and France • Agriculture in England and France • European countryside

15. Mercantilist Wars • Control of trade • Navies • Trade in the Americas • French and Indian War

16. Discussion Questions • What do you think the Dutch could have done to maintain control over the Atlantic trade? • Why was it necessary for Russia to expand to as much as it did, and if it had not expanded would Russia still be as powerful a country as it is today? • What action could have been taken to prevent the French and Indian?

17. Social Aspect of Europe and Russia

18. Russian Social Change • Europe or Asia? • Muscovy -> Russian Empire • 1/6 of Earths land • Romanovs came in: • Absolutist System • Moscow was under the power of the tsar • Outside was unlimited aristocrat power, under the consent of the king • Communes for peasants

19. Siberia • 1649- peasants became serf • Left to Siberia • Siberia • 90% of 200,000 were indigenes • By 1750 the Slavs almost matched that • Old Believers, and Dangerous Politicians went also • Great Siberian Post Road 1770 was the way back to Moscow • Prison Land

20. French Social Change • Took on Absolutist Government style • All patronage had consent from the King • Strict Anglican religion practice • Not followed • Disapproval of government was circulated across the country through pamphlets and papers

21. English Social Change • Queen Elizabeth took control • Civil War broke out broke out under her successors • monarchy fell • Monarchy came back 1660, but religious freedom was stressed • Glorious Revolution Outcome – Parliament and King/Queen would work in unity

22. Primary Source "Sir, I do myself the Honour of acquainting you that it has pleased God to crown His Majesty's Arms with Success over all His Enemies upon the Ohio, by my having obliged the Enemy to burn and abandon Fort DuQuesne, which they effectuated on the 25th, and of which I took possession next day, the Enemy having made their Escape down the River towards the Mississippi in their Boats, being abandoned by their Indians, whom I had previously engaged to leave them, and who now seem all willing and ready to implore His Majesty's most Gracious Protection. …I have used the freedom of giving your name to Fort DuQuesne, as I hope it was in some measure the being actuated by your spirits that now makes us Masters of the place. …"(Letter from General John Forbes to British Prime Minister William Pitt, dated 27th November 1758)

23. Bibliography • Works CitedTignor, Robert L. "Chapter 12, Transformation of Europe." Worlds Together, Worlds Apart: a History of the World from the Mongol Empire to the Present. New York: W.W. Norton, 2008. 586-94. Print. • "A Day in the Life of Louis XIV - Palace of Versailles." En.chateauversailles.fr. Web. 27 Oct. 2010. <http://en.chateauversailles.fr/history/versailles-during-the-centuries/living-at-the-court/a-day-in-the-life-of-louis-xiv>. LaHaye, Laura. "Mercantilism." Library of Economics and Liberty. Liberty Fund, Inc., 2008. Web. 20 Oct. 2010. <http://www.econlib.org/library/Enc/Mercantilism.html>.