Do Now

1. Do Now • Come in quietly. • Sit down and take out 2 sheets of binder paper, a pen or pencil and eraser. • Put your study guide with your name on top in the middle of the table. • Be ready to do the essay portion of the test. • When you are finished, copy down today’s objective, standards, and do the warm up. After you complete that, you may start the homework.

2. Imperialism! 10.4.1 - Describe the rise of industrial economies and their link to imperialism and colonialism (e.g., the role played by national security and strategic advantage; moral issues raised by the search for national hegemony, Social Darwinism, and the missionary impulse; material issues such as land, resources, and technology). 10.4.3 - Explain imperialism from the perspective of the colonizers and the colonized and the varied immediate and long-term responses by the people under colonial rule.

3. Warm Up: What do you think the word Imperialism means and where might have you been exposed to this word? Standard Objective I will apply my knowledge of the Industrial Revolution to the Age of Imperialism in the form of a game called “Scramble for Africa” • 10.4.1 - Describe the rise of industrial economies and their link to imperialism and colonial­ ism (e.g., the role played by national security and strategic advantage; moral issues raised by the search for national hegemony, Social Darwinism, and the missionary impulse; material issues such as land, resources, and technology). • 10.4.3 - Explain imperialism from the perspective of the colonizers and the colonized and the varied immediate and long-term responses by the people under colonial rule.

4. Industrialism and Imperialism • Why do you think European countries wanted to expand? • What is the most important factor of industrialization? • What is the second most important factor? • Predict how these factor might play a role in imperialism!

5. Scramble for Africa! • Rules • Read your Goal cards and DO NOT let anyone else see your card. • Set the order who goes first (this is written on your goal card • Write your name using the expo marker for areas you claim. • You may overlap territories but you may also force them out of an area you really want. You may use military power, but you may only use this once! • Teacher will settle all disputes, keep disputed areas to the end • How do you win? • Meet your goal as best as you can. • Once the board has been settled, reveal your goals to each other to see if anyone met their goal.

6. Things to remember! • Copy down all your moves! • Follow your goal card! • Be smart what you choose! • Be good at Rock, Paper, Scissors • Don’t be bad at Rock, Paper, Scissors • Military force – you can kick 1 country out of a territory you want, but you have a limited amount. • Options: You can claim new territory, negotiate with another country and move borders, or go to war (military power or rock, paper, scissors. • Great Britain has a strong army = 1 Victory whenever going to war. • Portugal has a strong navy = 1 Victory for any coast or island during war • Great Britain was the first to industrialize – start with 2 colonies. • Great Britain has 4 “military powers” • France has 2 “military powers” • All other countries have 1 “military powers”

7. Warm Up: Look at your map and the map of what actually happened, how close were your maps? (number 5 on your handout!) Standard Objective I will take the knowledge of the game and compare it to the what actually happened during the “Scramble For Africa” • 10.4.1 - Describe the rise of industrial economies and their link to imperialism and colonial­ ism (e.g., the role played by national security and strategic advantage; moral issues raised by the search for national hegemony, Social Darwinism, and the missionary impulse; material issues such as land, resources, and technology). • 10.4.3 - Explain imperialism from the perspective of the colonizers and the colonized and the varied immediate and long-term responses by the people under colonial rule.

8. Countries and Goals • Great Britain: Your goal will be to conquer as much of the African continent as possible. • France: Your goal will be to expand from the West African coast toward Central Africa because of the diamonds and gold. • Italy : Your goal will be to gain as many territories as possible. • Portugal - You want to control as many coastal territories as possible. • Spain – You want to have the regions in west, central and southern Africa because that is where you find the most natural resources. • Germany: Your goal will be to gain as many territories as possible and you want 1 west and 1 east colony. • Belgium: Place as many markers as you possibly can in the center of Africa, focusing on central Africa for the rubber.

9. The Scramble for Africa • Why did Europeans want to take Africa? • Source or raw materials • Market for their industrial products • By what means did they start to take over Africa? • Imperialism! – the seizure of a country or territory by a stronger country.

10. What was Africa Like before Europeans? • Civilization was divided into hundreds of different groups. • Some followed their original beliefs, while others converted to Islam or Christianity • Africa was able to keep Europeans out for 400 years till the 1880’s when Europeans only controlled 10% of Africa • Europeans could not navigate central Africa and could not handle their rivers. • Africans had their own trade networks which were not dependent on the Europeans • Who did make it to Africa? • Explorers, Missionaries and, Humanitarians who opposed the slave trade

11. The Congo? Why the Congo? • Henry Stanley, a reporter, went to look for a missing missionary, David Livingstone. • Eventually Stanley set off himself to explore the Congo River • Signed treaties with the locals and gave control to Belgium • King Leopold II of Belgium wanted to abolish slavery and promote Christianity • His other motive was to have the Africans extract rubber from the plants. • Because of the exploitations, Belgium takes the from Leopold • Starts the Scramble for Africa

12. What drove Imperialism? • Needed new markets to sell their goods to • Needed raw materials to improve their economies • Eurocentric Superiority • Europeans believed that they were better than every one else (nationalism – pride in one’s country) which lead to a competition of who could own the most

13. Now you took the land, how do you control the people? • Maxim Machine Gun • First automatic machine gun • Africa’s primitive weapons were no match • Steam Engine • Allowed the Europeans to travel up rivers more efficiently and control Africa (Steam Boat) • Railroads connected colonies together • Better Medicine • Malaria kept them on the coast, but with a drug (quinine), it protected them from contracting the disease • No unity among the tribes • Too many different languages and customs lead to many wars between different tribes.

14. Divide and Conquer! • Division of Africa begins in 1880 • French expansion toward Western Sudan • Discovery diamonds and gold in South Africa lead to more interest • The Berlin Conference • Had a conference to prevent war between the 14 different nations trying to claim Africa • Rules – notify the others that you are claiming that area and being able to back up the claim • Did not care about those who already inhabited the area • After effects – only 2 countries (Ethiopia and Liberia) remained free

15. Check for Understanding! Q: What were the 2 main reasons the Europeans take over Africa? A: The Europeans needed new markets to sell their goods to and they also needed raw materials to improve their economies.

16. Europeans Miscalculate • Africans do not have much use for the European goods. • Europeans need the natural resources of Africa • Find a lot of minerals and elements (such as tin and copper) • Gold and Diamonds were among the riches Europeans went for • Develop cash crop plantations • Grow peanuts, palm oil, cocoa, and rubber • Kicked the Africans out who used the land to grow food for their families

17. The fight for South Africa! • The Africans, Dutch and the British all fight for the land and resources of South Africa • The Africans, lead by Shaka (from the Zulu tribe), were no match for the British and their advanced weapons • Were very close to defeating the British even with the use of only spears and shields. • Britain takes over in 1887 • Dutch were the first to settle the Cape of Good Hope (the southern most tip of Africa) • Boers (Dutch for farmers) settled and took the African land for farming • Clashed with the British (when they took over) over land and slaves • Boers moved out of South Africa and eventually fought the Zulu when they moved up.

18. The Boer War! • Discovery of diamonds and gold lead to a rush to South Africa • Boers tried to keep people out and from gaining political power • Boers believe that the British tried to start an uprising against them and the Boers declared war on the British • Boers used guerilla tactics and raids while the British burned their farms and put their prisoners in concentration camps • Black South Africans fought on the side of the Boers to keep the British out. • Britain is victorious in 1910 and creates the Union of South Africa