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Overview of JST Activities And Japanese S&T

Overview of JST Activities And Japanese S&T. Japan Science and Technology Agency (JST). Background: Japan S&T Structure and Policy. Recent Major Events Related to S&T Policy. 1995 The Science and Technology Basic Law 1996 The Science and Technology Basic Plan （ 1996 ～ 2000 ）

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Overview of JST Activities And Japanese S&T

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  1. Overview of JST Activities And Japanese S&T Japan Science and Technology Agency (JST)

  2. Background: Japan S&T Structure and Policy Recent Major Events Related to S&T Policy 1995 The Science and Technology Basic Law 1996 The Science and Technology Basic Plan （1996～2000） 1999 Act on Special Measures for Industrial Revitalization (Japanese version of the Bayh-Dole Act) 2001 The 2nd Science and Technology Basic Plan （2001～2005) National Administrative Reform: CSTP, MEXT 2001 - 2005 National Research Institutes ➭Independent Administrative Institutions 2001 NIMS, NIED etc. 2003 RIKEN, JST etc. 2005 JAEA 2004 National University ➭ National University Corporation 2006 The 3rd Science and Technology Basic Plan (2006～2010)

  3. Science and Technology Administrative System in Japan Prime Minister Cabinet Office • Council for Science and Technology Policy: CSTP • Formation of Comprehensive Strategy • Policy for Resource Allocation (Budget, Human Resources) • Evaluation of National-level Projects Minister of State for Science and Technology Policy Atomic Energy Commission Nuclear Safety Commission Presenting Basic Policies / Comprehensive Coordination Coordination Related Ministries Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science and Technology: MEXT • Formulation and promotion of concrete plans for research and development • Coordination of relevant ministries Ministry of Internal Affairs and Communications Ministry of Agriculture, Forestry and Fisheries Ministry of Economy, Trade and Industry …etc. Independent Administrative Institutions Independent Administrative Institutions (JST is the core executing agency of the S&T Basic Plan) Universities

  4. Trends in R&D Expenditures in Selected Countries (100 million dollars) (Source; Main Science and Technology Indicators, OECD, 2007) ( Source; White Paper on Science and Technology 2008 ) ※OECD purchasing power parity

  5. R&D Expenditures as a Percentage of Gross Domestic Product (GDP) Japan US Germany France United Kingdom EU-15 Japan 3.61 EU-27 China Korea Korea 3.23 Russia India US 2.62 Germany France United Kingdom 1.78 China 1.43 Russia India 0.61 (FY) ( Source; White Paper on Science and Technology 2008 ) ※OECD purchasing power parity

  6. Share of R&D Expenditures nation (FY) ( Source; White Paper on Science and Technology 2008 )

  7. S&T-Related Budget in FY2008 Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science and Technology (MEXT) Ministry of Economy, Trade and Industry (METI) Ministry of Defense (MOD) Ministry of Health, Labor and Welfare (MHLW) Ministry of Agriculture, Forestry and Fisheries (MAFF) Others NOTE The exchange rate : 1 USD =115 JPY

  8. National University Corporation, etcｅｔｃ. 105.49 (52％) Independent Administrative Institutions 58.12 (29%) Ｇｒａｎｔsーｉｎーａｉｄ for Ｓｃｉｅｎｔｉｆｉｃ　Ｒｅｓｅａｒｃｈ 16.8 (8%) Others 21.17(10%) Breakdown of MEXT S&T-Related Budget Breakdown of MEXT S&T-Related Budget in FY2008 (Unit: 100million USD) NOTE The exchange rate : 1 USD = 115 JPY

  9. Breakdown of Independent Administrative Institutions Budgetand Grants-in-aid for Scientific Research (million USD) National University Corporation, etc 10549 (52％) Independent Administrative Institutions 5812 (29%) Grants-in-aid for Scientific Research 1680 (8%) Others 2117 (10%) ※JSPS Budget=*1+*2=1353 ) NOTE The exchange rate : 1 USD = 115 JPY

  10. The 3rd Science and Technology Basic Plan Science and Technology Basic Law （enacted in 1995） Science and Technology Basic Law （enacted in 1995） 1st Basic Plan (FY1996-2000) 2nd Basic Plan (FY2001-2005) 3rd Basic Plan (FY2006-2010) # Review of the 1st and 2nd plans (i) The 1st and 2nd S&T Basic Plans have solidified the foundation of S&T in Japan. (ii) “Mega-competition for knowledge” that Japan faces involves not only the United States and Europe but also Asian nations such as South Korea and China. #Main Challenges - How to form creative S&T human resources? - Further reform of S&T related systems, leading to higher performance # Increase in governmental R&D expenditure The total budget for governmental R&D expenditure exceeded 148 billion dollars # Construction of new R&D system - Increase in competitive research funds - Support plan for 10,000 postdoctoral fellows (including Ph.D students) - Promotion of industry-academia- government collaboration - Implementation of evaluation systems # Three basic ideas (i) Creation of knowledge (ii) Vitality from knowledge (iii) Sophisticated society by knowledge # Key policies Strategic priority setting in S&T - Promotion of basic research - Prioritization of R&D on key national/social agenda S&T system reforms - Doubling of competitive research funds - Enhancement of industry-academia- government collaboration Total budget : 209 billion dollars Our decision for the future: stronger emphasis on the role of “Knowledge” NOTE The exchange rate : 1 USD = 115 JPY

  11. Outline of the 3rd Basic Plan Chap.1 Basic Ideas • Recent situation revolving around S&T • Basic stance in the 3rd plan • - Clarification of fundamental ideas and policy goals • Total governmental R&D investment: 25 trillion yen • (208 bln dollar) • Securing popular support to S&T, S&T beneficial to the society • Putting emphasis on human resources development and • competitive environment Chap.4 Securing Public Support and Engagement Chap.2 Strategic Priority Setting in S&T • Responsible action regarding ethical, legal and social issues • Reinforcement of accountability and public relations on S&T activities • - Promotion of public understanding of S&T • - Facilitation of public engagement with S&T-related issues • Promotion of basic research • Prioritization of R&D for resolving key national/social agenda • Primary prioritized areas: Life science, IT, Environmental sciences, Nano-tech. & materials • Secondary prioritized areas: Energy, • Manufacturing & Production tech., Social Infrastructure, • Frontier (outer space & oceans) • - Promotion strategy for each prioritized area Chap.5 Role of the CSTP • More efficient and effective management of governmental R&D • - Resolving institutional or operational bottlenecks • - Follow-up of the Plan and promotion of progress in S&T Chap.3 Reforming the S&T System • Fostering S&T human resources and providing opportunities • Creating scientific development and incessant innovation • - Enhancing infrastructures for S&T promotion • Strategic commitment on international S&T activities NOTE The exchange rate : 1 USD = 115 JPY

  12. (Public works-related expenditure） (Supplementary Budget) (Supplementary Budget) (Supplementary Budget) (Initial Budget) 36 36 38 39 39 43 44 Transition of governmental science and technology related expenditure in Japan Accumulated expenditure during the 2nd S&T Basic Plan (includes local governmental expenditures)183 billion dollars (100 million dollars) 362 355 336 326 326 323 313 316 314 315 310 276 258 261 244 206 195 176 Before the settling upon the 1st S&T Basic Plan 109 billion dollars 1st S&T Basic Plan Period 153 billion dollars 2nd S&T Basic Plan Period 163 billion dollars 3rd S&T Basic Plan Period S&T expenditure related to local governmental entities 50 NOTE The exchange rate : 1 USD = 115 JPY

  13. Transition of Competitive Research Funds (100million USD) 41.9 41.2 40 40.6 31.3 29.9 30.1 Other Ministries 28.3 25.7 Grants-in-Aid for Scientific Research (Kakenhi) M E X T JST Basic Research Program Special Coordination funds for Promoting S&T Others NOTE The exchange rate : 1 USD = 115 JPY

  14. Proportion of expenditure by research fields in S&T-related expenditure （1991～2004） Priority areas in 2nd and 3rd Basic Plan Before the 1st Basic Plan Priority areas in 1st Basic Plan The 1st Basic Plan Others The 2nd Basic Plan FY Priority Areas(2nd and 3rd Plan) Priority Areas(1st Plan) Source: NISTEP

  15. JST Activities History of the Japan Science and Technology Agency (JST)

  16. Mission and activities of JST An integrated organization of science and technology in Japan that establishes an infrastructure for the entire process from the creation of knowledge to the return to the society. As an organization which plays a central role in the implementation of the Science and Technology Basic Plan, Japan Science and Technology Agency (JST) comprehensively promotes all of the process from the creation of knowledge, which leads to innovation in Japan, to the return of research results to the society/nation. As the bases of such process, JST also provides scientific and technical information, increases the understanding of science and technology (S&T), and promotesstrategic international activities. Consequently, JST has the dual function: role of a funding agency (FA) and that of an executing agency (EA). Creating advanced technology (FA) Promoting business using advanced technology (FA) Promoting dissemination of scientific and technological information (EA) Researcher exchange and research support (FA & EA) Promoting understanding of science and technology by the public (EA)

  17. JST Activities (Five Pillars) JST activities (1) I. Creation of advanced technology Promotion of mission-oriented basic research in order to achieve the goals of S&T (strategic sectors) established by the government and promote innovation Promotion of academia-industry collaboration and technology transfer in order to feedback the results of academic research to the society. II. Promotion of business using advanced technology ・ Competitive funds for basic research: Office of Basic Research (CRESTO, PREST, ERATO) Research Institute of Science & Technology for Society, RISTEX ・ Design of the R&D strategy of JST (think-tank): Center for Research and Development Strategy, CRDS ･ China Research Center, CRC ・Grants for university-industry cooperation and development of creative technology seeds ・ Supporting technology transfer programs in universities by training of personnel, applying for patents, fairs ・ Administrating regional centers to promote innovation in various regions JST activities (2) IV. Researcher exchange and research support Promoting strategic international cooperation in the area of scientific and technology V. Promotion of the understanding of science and technology by the public Promotion of communication and interaction between S&T and the society III. Promotion of the dissemination of scientific and technological information Collection, organization and dissemination of S&T information. ･ One stop-shop service for S&T (Science Portal, Science Links Japan) ・ Bibliographic information (JDreamII, J-STAGE） ・Researchers and research institutions in Japan (ReaD) ・ S&T personnel (JREC-IN) ・ Results of R&D projects (J-STORE) ・ Fostering of schools programs (Super Science High Schools ) ・Training of science teachers (Science Partnership Project) ・ Science museum (Miraikan) ・ TV programs (Science Channel) ・Strategic International Cooperative Program (SICP) ・Science and Technology Research Partnership for Sustainable Development

  18. JST Organization Chart

  19. Budget Profile of JST • Revenue and Expenditure in FY2008 Unit: million USD (in million dollars) Promoting public Understanding of S&T 86.8 Operating income 73 (8.5%) Others 7.4 (7.3%) Researcher exchange and research support 28.6 Others 66 (0.3%) (6.9%) (3.3%) Total 996 Total 992 Government Subsidy 916 Promoting dissemination of STI 93.7 (92.3%) (9.9%) Creation of advanced technology 508 (50.9%) Promoting technology transfer and innovation 209 (20.4%) Number of staff in Fiscal 2008 Number of permanent staff: 471（M:F = 4:1 / Ph.D: 34 MD:172 ) Number of researchers and others employed by JST: ≒ 2,500 (M:F = 3:2) NOTE The exchange rate : 1 USD = 115 JPY

  20. Initial Budget Initial Budget (for Japan Science and Technology Corporation) Supplementary Budget Budget Profile of JST (cont.) • Transition of Yearly Expenditure （Unit：million dollars ） NOTE The exchange rate : 1 USD = 115 JPY

  21. Selected by Supervisor from proposals Research Team Research Team Research director Research director Researchers Researchers Pillar I. Creation of advanced technology: JST Basic Research Programs Strategic Sectors （Designated by MEXT） く JST Setting of “research areas” Research Area Research Area (Individual Research) Research Area (Team Research) Nominated or Selected from proposals Designation Designation Research Supervisor Research Supervisor Research Director Selected by Supervisor from proposals Recruited by Director Research Group Individual Researcher Individual Researcher Research Group PRESTO Type: Precursory Research for Embryonic Science and Technology ERATO Type: Exploratory Research for Advanced Technology CREST Type: Core Research for Evolutional Science and Technology Evaluation Evaluation Evaluation SORST Type: Continuation of Research

  22. Features of Each Program

  23. Budget of Each Program NOTE The exchange rate : 1 USD = 115 JPY

  24. Pillar I. Creation of advanced technology Center for Research and Development Strategy (CRDS) Established in 2003 as a think-tank Provides information on S&T trends to S&T Policy Makers and proposes strategic sectors. Prime Minister Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science and Technology MEXT Council for Science and Technology Policy (CSTP) Strategic Sectors (Generic Goals of S&T) Provides information on S&T trends Proposes strategic sectors CRDS Director General : Toshiaki Ikoma CREST ERATO Design of R&D Strategy PRESTO

  25. Pillar II. Promotion of business using advanced technology Support Center for Technology Transfer Commercialization (Starting-up of business) Support for acquiring patents Evaluation and screening of fruits of research Consultation of technology transfer Universities National institutes TLO JST Planning practical application Human resources development Licensing Innovation Japan Promotion Program for Potential Technology Seeds from University, National and Public Research Institutes (NEW!) Disclosure of fruits of research Development of Creative Technology Seeds Modeling of Innovative Research Results Creation and support for start-ups from universities Contracted development funding Development by Innovative Venture Companies (NEW!) Research Program on Development of Innovative Technology Comprehensive Support Programs for Creation of Innovation by Regional Cooperation

  26. Pillar III. Promotion of the dissemination of scientific and technological information, STI Overview of STI Activities Literature Databases Japanese InterfaceEnglish Interface Factual Databases & Others Research Information Databases

  27. Pillar IV. Researcher exchange and research support Strategic International Cooperative Program (SICP) Overview: • Based on bilateral agreements at the government level • MEXT decides which country and field to cooperate (based upon proposals formulated by JST) • Expenses of joint research projects (small-scale), personnel exchanges (travel), holding of meetings • Budget for Japanese side: 5～10 million JPY (43,480 USD ~86,960 USD*) / project / year (for 3 years) Schematic: MEXT Agreement Government of the counterpart country Notice (Country and field of cooperation) Notice (Implementing principle) Counterpart country Japan Mutual cooperation JST Counterpart Funding agency Research Exchange Joint Research, Dispatch and invitation, Holding of symposiums and seminars Support Application Application support Researchers (counterpart country) Researchers (Japan) * 1 USD = 115 Yen http://www.jst.go.jp/inter/english/index.html

  28. Pillar IV. Researcher exchange and research support Strategic International Cooperative Projects (as of Oct 1, 2008)

  29. Other Projects: 1 China-Japan-Korea Bioinformatics Training Course, 4 projects in the framework of China-Japan-Korea (Finished) , 1 project with South Africa (Finished)

  30. Pillar IV. Researcher exchange and research support Science and Technology Research Partnership for Sustainable Development ・　JST supports international joint research cooperation between Japan and developing countries for resolving global issues such as; environment/energy, natural disaster prevention and infectious diseases control. ・　Such research cooperation is conducted in collaboration with JICA, an organization that implements ODA technical cooperation. MOFA/ JICA MEXT/ JST collaboration Technical Cooperation Support International Joint Research Research Institutions in Developing Countries Research Institutions in Japan ResearchPartnership MEXT: Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science and Technology MOFA: Ministry of Foreign AffairsJST: Japan Science and Technology Agency JICA: Japan International Cooperation Agency http://www.jst.go.jp/global/english/index.html

  31. Pillar V. Promotion of the understanding of science and technology by the public National Museum of Emerging Science and Innovation (Miraikan) Technique development by experts, Explanation, Demonstration and Dialogue  “Science and technology specialists” develop and introduce new methods to disseminate, in an understandable way, the latest information in science and technology.  “Interpreters” explain cutting-edge science and technology in understandable terms, and talk with visitors.  Includes laboratories for research, conference rooms and halls. State-of-the-art technology is exhibited in a fun and easy-to-understand way  Four themes - “The Earth Environment and Frontier” “Life Science” “Information Science and Technology for Society” “Innovation and the Future”  Focusing on the relationship between society and science and technology; exhibitions are designed by leading scientists and researchers. Various exchange facilities Laboratories for research Leading scientists join in the framework and supervision. Base for the communication of cutting-edge science/technology information http://www.miraikan.jst.go.jp/index_e.html

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