Objective: Understand the structure of DNA

1. Objective: Understand the structure of DNA Key words: Nucleic Acids, DNA, RNA, nucleotides, nitrogen bases. Do Now: Compare and contrast the molecules below. How are all of them similar? How does Nucleic Acid differ? Glucose Nucleic Acid Lipid Amino- acid

2. Objective: Understand the structure of DNA Key words: Nucleic Acids, DNA, RNA, nucleotides, nitrogen bases. Where do you find Nucleic Acids in a cell?

3. Objective: Understand the structure of DNA Key words: Nucleic Acids, DNA, RNA, nucleotides, nitrogen bases. Where do you find Nucleic Acids in a cell?

4. Objective: Understand the structure of DNA Key words: Nucleic Acids, DNA, RNA, nucleotides, nitrogen bases. How is the structure of a Nucleic Acid? What is the pattern?

5. Objective: Understand the structure of DNA Key words: Nucleic Acids, DNA, RNA, nucleotides, nitrogen bases. DNA structure of double helix

6. Objective: Understand the structure of DNA Key words: Nucleic Acids, DNA, RNA, nucleotides, nitrogen bases. Nucleosome Chromosome DNA double helix Coils Supercoils Histones

7. Objective: Understand the structure of DNA Key words: Nucleic Acids, DNA, RNA, nucleotides, nitrogen bases. Structure of DNA Nucleotide Hydrogen bonds Sugar-phosphate backbone Key Adenine (A) Thymine (T) Cytosine (C) Guanine (G) • DNA is made up of repeating unit of nucleotides.

8. Objective: Understand the structure of DNA Key words: Nucleic Acids, DNA, RNA, nucleotides, nitrogen bases. Watson & Crick Watson and Crick discovered the double helix structure of DNA in 1953

9. Objective: Understand the structure of DNA Key words: Nucleic Acids, DNA, RNA, nucleotides, nitrogen bases. What is a nucleotide? 1. What kind of molecules is a nucleotide? (Organic or inorganic) _______________________________ 2. How do you know: a._______________________________________ b. _______________________________________ c. _______________________________________ 3. What are the THREE common parts of a nucleotide. a. _____________________________________________ b. _____________________________________________ c. ______________________________________________ 4. What is the ONE part of a nucleotide that differs among the four DIFFERENT nucleotides? ___________________________________________________ 5. List the FOUR different kinds of nitrogen bases. a ____________________________________________ b____________________________________________ c _____________________________________________ d _____________________________________________ Organicmolecule It is made of carbon, hydrogen and oxygen Carbon is the main element It is a large and complex molecule Deoxyribose or sugar Phosphate group Nitrogen base Nitrogenbase (A) Adenine (G) Guanine (C) Cytosine (T) Thymine

10. Objective: Understand How Nitrogen Bases pair in DNA Key words: Nitrogen Bases, DNA, Adenine, Cytosine, Guanine, Thymine Do Now: List 3 things you learned about the structure of Nucleic Acids

11. Objective: Understand How Nitrogen Bases pair in DNA Key words: Nitrogen Bases, DNA, Adenine, Cytosine, Guanine, Thymine 6. Explain WHERE the nucleotide molecules connect to each other. • Phosphate group connects to _____________________ • Nitrogen base connects to_________________________ deoxyribose (sugar) nitrogen base

12. A real DNA molecule consists of THOUSAND of pairs of nucleotides.7. What is the pairing arrangement of nitrogen bases?___________________ pairs with ____________________________and _______________ pairs with_____________________________ Objective: Understand How Nitrogen Bases pair in DNA Key words: Nitrogen Bases, DNA, Adenine, Cytosine, Guanine, Thymine (T) Thymine (A) Adenine (G) Guanine (C) Cytosine

13. 8.Are there always going to be an EQUAL number of adenine and thymine nucleotides in a molecule?Why? Are there always going to be an EQUAL number of Guanine and Cytosine nucleotides in a molecule?Why Objective: Understand How Nitrogen Bases pair in DNA Key words: Nitrogen Bases, DNA, Adenine, Cytosine, Guanine, Thymine Yes Because Adenine always pairs to Thymine Yes Because Guanine always pairs to Cytosine

14. Objective: Understand How Nitrogen Bases pair in DNA Key words: Nitrogen Bases, DNA, Adenine, Cytosine, Guanine, Thymine • 9. Scientists abbreviate the nitrogen bases by using the first letter of each base. So, • A always binds to _____________ Guanine always binds to ______________________ • G always binds to _____________ Cytosine always binds to ______________________ • C always binds to _____________ Thymine always binds to ______________________ • T always binds to _____________ Adenine always binds to ______________________ • 10. Pair the missing bases on the DNA molecules. • a)A – T – A – A – G – C – T – A - G • __________________________________ • b)C – C – G – T – A – A – C – G – A • __________________________________ • c)A – T – A – C – T – A – G – C – A • __________________________________ • d)G – C – T – A – C - A - G – A – C • __________________________________ T Cytosine C Guanine G Adenine A Thymine T – A – T – T – C – G – A – T – C G – G – C – A – T – T – G – C - T T – A – T – G – A – T – C – G - T C – G – A – T – G – T – C – T – G

15. DNA replication Original strand DNA polymerase New strand Growth DNA polymerase Growth Replication fork Replication fork New strand Original strand

16. Objective: Understand How Nitrogen Bases pair in DNA Key words: Nitrogen Bases, DNA, Adenine, Cytosine, Guanine, Thymine 10. What is the function of the DNA? 11. What is the structure of DNA? To store and transmit the genetic information from one Generation of an organism to the next Double helix