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Chapter 14

Chapter 14. What opportunities have opened or closed for you based on test scores? Was the process fair? Both subjective (opinion) and objective measures are used in evaluation. Do you think both are equally valid in making educational decisions?

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Chapter 14

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  1. Chapter 14 • What opportunities have opened or closed for you based on test scores? Was the process fair? • Both subjective (opinion) and objective measures are used in evaluation. Do you think both are equally valid in making educational decisions? • Giving accurate feedback to parents is part of a teacher’s job. Is it more desirable to talk in terms of norm-referenced or criterion-referenced test results? Why?

  2. At a PTA meeting parents were complaining because half of the students in the school scored below the district average on the achievement tests that were given. What would you say to calm these PTA members fears? • Which math class (A or B) is probably easier to teach judging from the following test results (50 = the national average)? • Class A: Mean= 55 SD= 13 • Class B: Mean= 53 SD= 4 • Answer: Class B, because the range of achievement levels is not as great as in Class A.

  3. Should states use standardized tests to determine which teachers should be allowed to be certified? • ACT and SAT scores correlate highly with college grades. Is the practice of using these tests as a basis of admission fair? • (GRE and admission to doctoral program.)

  4. Central Tendency: typical score for a group of scores. • What is the mean for the following scores? Median? Mode? • 3, 3, 6, 7, 21 • Mean= 8 Median= 6 Mode= 3 • Which score is more representative of central tendency?

  5. Reading Test: Mean= 30 SD= 5Math Test: Mean= 50 SD= 8 • Johnny> Raw Scores: • 37 on reading 56 on math • On which test did Johnny score better relative to his peers? • Better on reading (over 1 SD).

  6. Tests • Achievement tests: Answer the question, “what has been learned?” • Aptitude tests: Answer the question, “how well will this student do the the future?” • Diagnostic tests: Answer the question, “what are this student’s strengths and weaknesses?”

  7. Which type of test would be most appropriate in the following situations? • 1. A teacher wants to know how her biology class performs in comparison with classes from other high schools? • (Achievement tests- Example: ITBS) • 2. A student is being evaluated to see if she should be placed in a low ability class. • (IQ or Diagnostic test)

  8. 3. A teacher wants to know which 8th grade students would be most likely to succeed in Freshman Algebra and which should take 9th grade math. • (Aptitude test- Example: SAT) • 4. A third grade student is having difficulty reading and the teacher wants to know the specific skills for which he needs remedial help. • (Diagnostic test)

  9. Authentic Assessment: measurement of important abilities using procedures that simulate the application of these abilities to real-life problems. • Give three examples of when it would be preferable to use authentic assessment and three examples of when it would be better to use traditional paper and pencil tests.

  10. Two English classes took the same test. • Class A had a mean of 50 and a SD of 4. • Class B had a mean of 50 and a SD of 8. • Which class is probably ability grouped? • (Class A- they have less variability) • And a more important real-life example...

  11. Kentucky Derby 1998(1 1/4 Miles) • Horse1 1/161 1/8 • Cape Town 1:44 1:49 • Lil’s Lad 1:43 1:49 • Event of the Year 1:40 1:47 • Artax 1:42 1:49 • Victory Gallop 1:45 1:50 • Halory Hunter 1:43 1:48 • Indian Charlie 1:41 1:47 • Favorite Trick 1:41 1:50 • Real Quiet 1:42 1:48 • Mean= 1:42.2 Mean= 148.5 • SD= 1.16 SD= .9 • Which horse would you have bet on in this race?

  12. If 5 points were added to each score in a distribution, how would the following change? • A. The Range • (No change) • B. The Mean • (+5) • C. The Median • (+5) • D. The Mode • (+5) • E. The Standard Deviation • (No change)

  13. POP Quiz (ha,ha…) • Define reliability and validity. Is it necessary for a test to be valid in order for it to be reliable? Is it necessary for a test to be reliable in order for it to be valid? Explain. • Test reliability means that a test yields consistent and stable scores. Validity refers to a test measuring what a test purports to measure. In order to be valid, a test must be reliable, however, a test can be reliable without being valid.

  14. Using the Real Estate Market: • 1. Determine the price range for single family homes in the Iowa City area. • 2. What is the mean, median, and mode for housing prices in the Iowa City area? • 3. Estimate the SD. • 4. Estimate the SD for the following scores: • 76, 78, 77, 71, 75, 79, 73, 72, 74 • Mean= 75 Median= 75 • SD= 2.58

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